Question 1

____________ was one of the first major European writers to champion innovation and change.

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Question 2

Refer to the excerpt "Descartes and Swift Debate the Scientific Enterprise." How do Descartes and Swift differ in their views on the value of science? What are the main points of difference?

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Question 3

Explain the role of the institutions of science created in the scientific revolution, including the Royal Society of London and the Berlin Academy of Sciences.Why were these institutions important and how did they relate to contemporary authorities?

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Question 4

What ends, religious or secular, did baroque art meet? How does the artwork of the time coincide with the natural sciences and changes in culture that existed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Explain.

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Question 5

People who supported new science, applied knowledge, religious toleration, mutual forbearance, and political unity formed the basis for the eighteenth-century movement known as the ________.

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Question 6

Francis Bacon argued that there were two books of divine revelation, the Bible and nature, and that the two books must be compatible because both shared the same ____________.

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Question 7

Baroque painters depicted their subjects in a thoroughly _____________, rather than an idealized, manner.

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Question 8

Compare and contrast Blaise Pascal's and Francis Bacon's approaches to the relationship between religion and science.On what would they agree? On what would they disagree?

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Question 9

Bernini was hired by Urban VIII to decorate ________.

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Question 10

With few exceptions, women were barred from science and medicine until the late ___________ century, and not until the twentieth century did they enter these fields in significant numbers.

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Question 11

The method by which scientists draw generalizations derived from, and test hypotheses against, empirical observations is known as _________________.

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Question 12

Explain the beliefs of Francis Bacon.Why did he want to be compared to Columbus? Is that an accurate comparison? Why did Bacon disagree with most people in his day when they recalled antiquity as the best era of human history? Do you agree or disagree with his views? Why?

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Question 13

Traditional beliefs and superstitions remained solidly in place in the culture and led to the eruption of panics and ________ in almost every Western land.

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Question 14

Explain in detail the rationale and founders of the Ptolemaic system.What scientists contributed to or critiqued this explanation of the universe? What was each scientist's criticism or contribution to this method? What other system was established to challenge the Ptolemaic system?

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Question 15

The method of investigation that relies on evidence, experimentation, and observations derived from sensory experiences to construct scientific theory is the ________ method.

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Question 16

Explain Newton's view that planets move due to gravity.How did Newton prove this viewpoint? Did this movement create order or disorder in the heavens? What did Newton have to say about the nature of gravity itself?

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Question 17

What is meant by the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century belief that "genuinely new knowledge" about nature and humankind could be discovered? How did this differ from earlier assumptions?

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Question 18

How were the witch hunts a sign of their times? What role did religion play in the witch hunts? What do you think caused the witch hunts to come to a close?

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Question 19

Discuss the contributions of women to the scientific revolution.What is the merit of examining their contributions, considering they were so marginal?

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Question 20

The condemnation of ___________ by Roman Catholic authorities in 1633 is the single most famous incident of conflict between modern science and religious institutions.

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Quiz 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries