Question 1

Which of the following is an example of cumulative disadvantage?
A) a kid who seems to always have bad luck but also has a social support system that continues to encourage her
B) a kid who gets in trouble while with peers but then receives an intervention and makes new friends who enjoy school and complete their assignments
C) a kid who is impulsive and has difficulty making friends so she is switched to a special classroom to better meet her needs
D) a kid who is rejected by their peers, fails at school, and has a poor home life

Accepted Answer

Cumulative disadvantage refers to a situation in which multiple negative factors stack up and lead to further negative outcomes. In option D, the kid experiences rejection by peers, struggles academically, and has a poor home life - all of which can lead to further negative outcomes in the future. This is an example of cumulative disadvantage.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the age-crime curve is true?
A) crime is low in childhood, peaks for youth around age 17 or 18, and then decreases as youths move into adulthood
B) as people age, crime consistently increases
C) criminal behavior peaks during childhood, then declines during teenage years, and increases again during adulthood
D) there is a sharp increase in crime activity during the teenage years and then there is a sharp decline after age 19

Accepted Answer

The age-crime curve shows that criminal behavior is low in childhood, increases during teenage years, peaks around age 17 or 18, and then decreases as individuals move into adulthood. This is supported by research and is a commonly accepted pattern in criminology. Option B is incorrect because crime does not consistently increase as people age. Option C is also incorrect because criminal behavior does not peak during childhood and then increase again during adulthood. Option D is incorrect because there is not a sharp decline in crime activity after age 19, but rather a gradual decrease as individuals age into adulthood.

Question 3

Adolescence-limited offenders are characterized by:
A) engaging in juvenile or immature crimes throughout their life due to neuropsychological deficits
B) engaging in crime that targets adolescents so it decreases the likelihood of being caught
C) engaging in a lot of crime only during the teenage years
D) starting to engage in crime in the teenage years and then continuing throughout their life

Accepted Answer

Adolescence-limited offenders engage in a lot of crime only during their teenage years and tend to desist from criminal activity as they age. This behavior is often influenced by social and environmental factors, such as peer pressure or limited opportunities for legal adult activities.

Question 4

According to Terrie Moffitt, certain kids suffer from neuropsychological deficits that:
A) are immutable and cannot change
B) can potentially be replenished or taken away through interventions
C) have assigned them to a life of crime
D) are solely formed based on the environment

Accepted Answer

According to Moffitt, neuropsychological deficits can potentially be replenished or taken away through interventions, meaning they are not immutable. Moffitt does not state that these deficits assign children to a life of crime, nor that they are solely formed based on the environment.

Question 5

Which of the following examples is not a strong predictor of involvement in delinquency?
A) early antisocial behavior
B) misbehaving at school and home
C) misbehaving frequently
D) getting into intermittent fights with siblings

Accepted Answer

While getting into fights with siblings may indicate some level of conflict, it is not necessarily a strong predictor of involvement in delinquency compared to the other options. Early antisocial behavior, frequent misbehavior, and misbehavior at both school and home have all been linked to higher levels of delinquency.

Question 6

Which of the following is an odd omission from longitudinal studies of early intervention?
A) they do not measure whether the sample members were included in the treatment or control group
B) they do not measure whether the sample members have family members that have broken the law
C) they do not measure whether the sample members have received a treatment intervention for their antisocial problems
D) they do not measure whether the sample members engaged in any form of antisocial behavior

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies of early intervention typically measure whether the sample members have received a treatment intervention for their antisocial problems.

Question 7

Findings from the first study of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (PYS), which addressed the issues of whether youngsters (by age group) received help for their problem behavior, indicate:
A) a substantial proportion of delinquent youths did not receive adequate intervention
B) early onset youth who manifested a problem were more likely to receive help than older youths who manifested the problem
C) females were less likely to receive adequate intervention compared to males
D) caretakers who did seek help had plenty of resources to rely on for to implement an adequate intervention

Accepted Answer

The findings indicate that a substantial proportion of delinquent youths did not receive adequate intervention, suggesting that there is a gap in the availability or delivery of services to address problem behavior in youth.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about findings from the Denver Youth Survey (DYS), which comprised a sample of youngsters drawn from at-risk neighborhoods, is true?
A) parents sought help at the first sign of delinquency or psychological problems
B) parents tried to seek help for children with problems but the children generally refused to attend any intervention sessions
C) even when treatment was administered the delinquency and psychological problems of the children worsened
D) only a small percentage of parents sought help for their kids

Accepted Answer

The statement that "only a small percentage of parents sought help for their kids" aligns with findings from the Denver Youth Survey.

Question 9

Early intervention programs that are successful generally follow which of the following perspectives?
A) social-ecological model
B) social learning theory
C) risk-need-responsivity paradigm
D) social bond theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early intervention programs that are successful generally...

Question 10

The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), created by David Olds, was an intervention that intended to:
A) have nurses visit regularly to help improve the health of high-risk mothers' pregnancy, to teach them how to parent a newborn, and to help them to envision a positive future
B) have nurses visit high-risk mothers during their third trimester of pregnancy for a one month seminar on how to parent and raise a newborn
C) have nurses help mothers through their pregnancy and then remove the newborn if the mother and/or environment was high-risk
D) have nurses visit first-time mothers for the first six months to help with the day-to-day responsibilities of raising a newborn so they can have time to rest

Accepted Answer

The Nurse-Family Partnership is an intervention in which nurses regularly visit high-risk mothers during and after pregnancy to improve the health of the mother and baby, teach them how to parent a newborn, and help them to envision a positive future. Option B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the purpose or methods of the NFP.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program is true?
A) they adhered to a punishment-oriented theory of corrections
B) parents were required to attend a monthly group meeting of parents that the staff facilitated
C) children at high risk for educational failure attended this program during one summer
D) the youngster's intellectual development was de-emphasized

Accepted Answer

The statement that parents were required to attend a monthly group meeting of parents that the staff facilitated is true. The High/Scope Perry Preschool Program is known for its emphasis on parent involvement and collaboration with families.

Answer: C 
 The statement that children at high risk for educational failure attended this program during one summer is true. The High/Scope Perry Preschool Program was a research project that ran from 1962 to 1967, and it specifically targeted children who were at risk for school failure.

Answers A and D are misleading or incorrect. The High/Scope Perry Preschool Program was not a correctional program, and it did not de-emphasize intellectual development.

Question 12

There is general agreement that the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program is:
A) a beneficial program for children but does not have any influence on later criminality
B) an admirable effort but the evidence does not support its effectiveness
C) a program where the costs outweigh the benefits so it is not feasible to implement
D) an effective intervention and that similar early enrichment programs have shown success

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program is an effective intervention and that similar early enrichment programs have shown success in reducing crime, improving educational and occupational outcomes, and increasing social and personal functioning.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding Functional Family Therapy intervention is not true?
A) it is divided into five separate stages
B) the program can last anywhere between 1 to 5 years
C) it employs a cognitive-behavioral approach
D) it is an intervention that targets parental management

Accepted Answer

Functional Family Therapy intervention typically lasts between 12 to 16 weeks rather than 1 to 5 years.

Question 14

The Functional Family Therapy intervention is based on the finding that:
A) crime is highly concentrated and tends to run in at-risk families
B) parents need to encourage all of their child's behavior so they do not get upset or engage in crime
C) kids enter the world as a blank slate and only engage in behaviors in which they are socialized
D) children who grow up in troubled families rarely engage in crime

Accepted Answer

The Functional Family Therapy intervention is designed specifically for families with at-risk youth who are exhibiting behavior problems including potentially criminal behavior. Therefore, the intervention is based on the finding that crime is highly concentrated and tends to run in at-risk families.

Question 15

The Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) is built on which two theories?
A) labeling theory and risk-need-responsivity model
B) social learning theory and risk-need-responsivity model
C) risk-need-responsivity model and social bond theory
D) social learning theory and social bond theory

Accepted Answer

The Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) is built on two theories: social learning theory and social bond theory.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a component of the social development model?
A) this perspective is placed within a developmental framework
B) children begin a developmental pathway as blank slates
C) youngsters are likely to leave childhood through a prosocial or antisocial developmental track
D) to remain on a prosocial pathway, youngsters had to find the experience rewarding

Accepted Answer

The social development model does not assume that children begin as blank slates. Rather, it acknowledges that genetics and early experiences play a role in shaping their development. The model emphasizes the importance of socialization processes and the interplay between individual characteristics and environmental factors in influencing behavior.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is not a way in which the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) worked to save kids?
A) parents who volunteered were given classes to increase their skills in behavior management
B) for the children, efforts were made to enhance their social and emotional skills
C) police were introduced into the classroom as a subtle reminder that if the children engaged in antisocial behavior they would be removed
D) teachers were trained in classroom management techniques

Accepted Answer

While the SSDP did work to enhance the social and emotional skills of children, provide training for parents and teachers, and utilize classroom management techniques, there is no evidence that police were introduced into the classroom as a subtle reminder. The project was focused on prevention and intervention strategies, rather than using fear and intimidation tactics.

Question 18

Multisystemic Therapy is built on the notion that:
A) youths have individual traits and are also affected by various social systems
B) youths are only affected by their genetics or individual traits
C) youths require intensive psychotherapy to unravel what is wrong inside his or her mind
D) youths individual traits are not important but it is the social context around them that matters

Accepted Answer

Multisystemic Therapy is based on the belief that youths have individual traits and are also affected by various social systems, such as family, school, and community. MST aims to improve the functioning of all these systems to promote positive outcomes for the youth.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the Multisystemic Therapy Program is not true?
A) it is focused on addressing known causes of juvenile delinquency
B) clinicians have a small caseload to provide meaningful therapy to families
C) it was ineffective in reducing antisocial behavior of children
D) the program is cost effective

Accepted Answer

The statement that the Multisystemic Therapy Program was ineffective in reducing antisocial behavior of children is not true. Research has found that this program has been effective in reducing behavioral problems and delinquency among juveniles. The other statements about the program are true. It focuses on addressing known causes of juvenile delinquency, clinicians have a small caseload to provide meaningful therapy to families, and the program is cost effective.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a central value of cost effective programs?
A) accountability
B) accessibility
C) commodification
D) rationality

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Quiz 9: Early Intervention: Saving Children From a Life in Crime

Which of the following is an example of cumulative disadvantage?

Which of the following statements about the age-crime curve is true?

Adolescence-limited offenders are characterized by:

According to Terrie Moffitt, certain kids suffer from neuropsychological deficits that:

Which of the following examples is not a strong predictor of involvement in delinquency?

Which of the following is an odd omission from longitudinal studies of early intervention?

Findings from the first study of the Pittsburgh Youth Study (PYS) , which addressed the issues of whether youngsters (by age group) received help for their problem behavior, indicate:

Which of the following statements about findings from the Denver Youth Survey (DYS) , which comprised a sample of youngsters drawn from at-risk neighborhoods, is true?

Early intervention programs that are successful generally follow which of the following perspectives?

The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) , created by David Olds, was an intervention that intended to:

Which of the following statements regarding the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program is true?

There is general agreement that the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program is:

Which of the following statements regarding Functional Family Therapy intervention is not true?

The Functional Family Therapy intervention is based on the finding that:

The Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) is built on which two theories?

Which of the following is not a component of the social development model?

Which of the following statements is not a way in which the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) worked to save kids?

Multisystemic Therapy is built on the notion that:

Which of the following statements about the Multisystemic Therapy Program is not true?

Which of the following is not a central value of cost effective programs?