Question 1

In the Zimmerman case, the moral issue at stake involved
A) A maternal refusal of medically indicated treatment
B) A maternal life-style causing fetal harm
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

On the basis of Chapter 13, which moral duties of health care providers come into conflict when a pregnant woman knowingly causes fetal harm?
A) Patient autonomy
B) Beneficence
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Accepted Answer

The conflict arises between respecting the pregnant woman's autonomy (her right to make decisions about her own body and health care) and the health care provider's duty of beneficence (the obligation to act in the best interest of the patient, which in this case includes the fetus).

Question 3

Which role does the Disincentive Problem play in the moral debate over the right thing to do in cases of fetal abuse? It is invoked to argue
A) That restraining pregnant women from substance abuse would have bad consequences
B) That there is duty to honor pregnant women's autonomous choices about life-style and medical treatment
C) That the risks of fetal harm outweigh the benefits of respecting the autonomy of pregnant women who are substance users
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The Disincentive Problem suggests that punitive or coercive measures to prevent pregnant women from substance abuse could lead to worse outcomes, such as avoiding prenatal care, thus having bad consequences.

Question 4

In which of the following countries is the so-called partial-birth abortion unlawful?
A) In the US
B) In the UK
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Accepted Answer

The partial-birth abortion is illegal in the US, as it has been banned by federal law since 2003. In the UK, there is no specific ban on partial-birth abortion, but it is generally considered a late-term abortion and may only be performed if necessary to save the life of the mother or if there is a risk of serious injury to her physical or mental health.

Question 5

Regarding conscientious objection to abortion and contraception, which of the following options are open to health care providers?
A) Conscience absolutism
B) Conscience universalism
C) Conscience skepticism
D) Any of the above

Accepted Answer

Conscientious objection in healthcare, particularly regarding abortion and contraception, can manifest in various philosophical approaches, including conscience absolutism (where the provider's personal moral or ethical beliefs always take precedence), conscience universalism (which might suggest a universal moral or ethical standard that could guide decisions), and conscience skepticism (questioning the validity or applicability of conscientious objection itself). Therefore, health care providers might adopt any of these stances when dealing with issues of conscientious objection.

Question 6

A main objection to the Hyde Amendment is that
A) It discriminates against indigent women
B) It prevents using taxpayers' money for abortion
C) It enables women from underrepresented groups to have abortions
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The Hyde Amendment is objected to on the grounds that it discriminates against women who cannot afford abortions, preventing them from accessing reproductive healthcare services that more affluent women can afford.

Question 7

In Gonzalez v Carhart, the plaintiffs alleged that the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003
A) Amounted to an unconstitutional violation of women's right to abortion
B) Imposed an undue burden on women by not exempting abortion to save the woman's health
C) Amounted to a prohibition of any available procedure for late-term abortions
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The plaintiffs alleged all three of these claims in Gonzales v. Carhart. They argued that the ban violated women's right to abortion by not including an exception for the health of the woman, that it imposed an undue burden on women, and that it constituted a prohibition of an available late-term abortion procedure.

Question 8

Which of the following positions on conscientious objection, if any, holds that health care providers do not have a right to object to abortion or contraception on grounds of conscience?
A) Conscience absolutism
B) Conscience universalism
C) Conscience skepticism
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Conscience skepticism holds that individuals do not have a right to object to any medical procedure on grounds of conscience, including abortion or contraception. Conscience absolutism holds that individuals have an absolute right to object to any medical procedure on grounds of conscience, while conscience universalism holds that individuals have a right to object, but only if their objection is based on a well-established moral or religious belief.

Question 9

On the basis of Chapter 13's discussion of the referral problem for health care providers opposed to abortion and contraception on conscience grounds, which of the following cases has been offered to argue that they lack a duty to refer?
A) Medical assistance in female genital cutting
B) Medical assistance in capital punishment
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Accepted Answer

Cases of medical assistance in female genital cutting and medical assistance in capital punishment have been offered to argue that health care providers opposed to abortion and contraception on conscience grounds lack a duty to refer. These cases are used to illustrate situations where professionals might object to certain practices on moral or ethical grounds, suggesting that similar considerations could apply to objections to abortion and contraception.

Question 10

After Deborah Zimmerman's attorneys appealed the lower court's decision in her case, what was the ruling of the higher court?
A) That her case involved attempted homicide
B) That her case did not involve attempted homicide
C) That the fetus is a legal person
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The question implies that the higher court had to rule on whether or not the lower court's decision involved attempted homicide, and the answer options do not mention any ruling regarding the fetus being a legal person. Therefore, the best choice is B, as it directly addresses the ruling of the higher court in relation to Deborah Zimmerman's case.

Question 11

In light of the overpopulation problem facing some countries, would a public policy in those countries requiring women to terminate certain pregnancies be morally justified? Discuss an example and provide reasons for and against such a policy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In light of the overpopulation problem facing...

Question 12

According to Chapter 13, does a pregnant woman who knowingly causes fetal harm violate any maternal responsibility? If so, which ones? If not, why not? And which right might she invoke against any state interference?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Chapter 13, does a pregnant...

Question 13

Is the so-called Disincentive Problem a reason for or against forcibly restraining pregnant women who are substance users? Does Capron's solution to this problem rest on moral or prudential considerations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is the so-called Disincentive Problem a reason...

Question 14

Suppose that at week 26 of pregnancy, a woman undergoes pre-natal screening and diagnostic tests that reveal fetal defects. Could she have a legal abortion in the US? What would the plaintiffs in Gonzalez v Carhart say?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that at week 26 of pregnancy,...

Question 15

Define the three positions health care providers may adopt regarding conscientious objection to abortion and contraception. Discuss which of these positions, if any, are compatible with the so-called duty of referral.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the three positions health care providers...

Quiz 13: Conflicts of Rights at Lifes Beginning

In the Zimmerman case, the moral issue at stake involved

On the basis of Chapter 13, which moral duties of health care providers come into conflict when a pregnant woman knowingly causes fetal harm?

Which role does the Disincentive Problem play in the moral debate over the right thing to do in cases of fetal abuse? It is invoked to argue

In which of the following countries is the so-called partial-birth abortion unlawful?

Regarding conscientious objection to abortion and contraception, which of the following options are open to health care providers?

A main objection to the Hyde Amendment is that

In Gonzalez v Carhart, the plaintiffs alleged that the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003

Which of the following positions on conscientious objection, if any, holds that health care providers do not have a right to object to abortion or contraception on grounds of conscience?

On the basis of Chapter 13's discussion of the referral problem for health care providers opposed to abortion and contraception on conscience grounds, which of the following cases has been offered to argue that they lack a duty to refer?

After Deborah Zimmerman's attorneys appealed the lower court's decision in her case, what was the ruling of the higher court?

In light of the overpopulation problem facing some countries, would a public policy in those countries requiring women to terminate certain pregnancies be morally justified? Discuss an example and provide reasons for and against such a policy.

According to Chapter 13, does a pregnant woman who knowingly causes fetal harm violate any maternal responsibility? If so, which ones? If not, why not? And which right might she invoke against any state interference?

Is the so-called Disincentive Problem a reason for or against forcibly restraining pregnant women who are substance users? Does Capron's solution to this problem rest on moral or prudential considerations?

Suppose that at week 26 of pregnancy, a woman undergoes pre-natal screening and diagnostic tests that reveal fetal defects. Could she have a legal abortion in the US? What would the plaintiffs in Gonzalez v Carhart say?

Define the three positions health care providers may adopt regarding conscientious objection to abortion and contraception. Discuss which of these positions, if any, are compatible with the so-called duty of referral.