Question 1

People who have a so-called baby face

Accepted Answer

People with baby faces are often perceived as more innocent, naive, and less capable of harm, which can lead to them being seen as physically weak and submissive. This stereotype stems from their youthful appearance, which includes features like a round face, large eyes, and a small nose, similar to those of a child.

Question 2

Derrick has a large nose, almond-shaped eyes, and a large chin. In the absence of other information, observers are likely to conclude that Derrick

Accepted Answer

Observers often associate certain physical features, such as a large nose and a prominent chin, with dominance or assertiveness, based on stereotypes or cultural biases, even though these traits have no proven correlation with personality.

Question 3

Faces of members of which social group generally have a larger width-to-height ratio?

Accepted Answer

Men tend to have a larger width-to-height ratio in their faces compared to women.

Question 4

Monty's face has a large width-to-height ratio. When observers see him for the first time, they are likely to conclude that he is

Accepted Answer

A large width-to-height ratio in a person's face has been associated with perceptions of dominance and aggression in multiple studies. Thus, observers are likely to conclude that Monty is aggressive.

Question 5

Harry is 75 years old and his face is taller and thinner than the average man. Observers are likely to conclude that he is

Accepted Answer

Harry's age and facial features are commonly associated with wisdom and experience, so observers are likely to conclude that he is wise. Wealth, aggression, and social power are not necessarily correlated with Harry's appearance.

Question 6

Compared to a person who is not prototypical, a person who is prototypical of their social category is probably

Accepted Answer

A person who is prototypical of their social category is more likely to be immediately and easily categorized by others based on their physical and behavioral characteristics that are stereotypically associated with that group.

Question 7

----------------represents the extent to which a person's physical features match those that are considered characteristic of their basic social category membership.

Accepted Answer

Prototypicality refers to the degree to which a person's physical features match those that are typical of their social category, such as their race or gender. For example, a person who is perceived as having very typical features for their racial category would be considered more prototypical than someone who has less typical features.

Question 8

Imagine you are about to meet a woman for the first time. Under what condition(s) are you likely to categorize the woman on the basis of her race?

Accepted Answer

Categorizing a person based on their race is more likely when they have physical features that are prototypical of their race. This is because the brain automatically tries to categorize information in order to make sense of it. However, it is important to recognize that categorizing people based on their race is a form of stereotyping and can lead to biases and prejudices. Therefore, it is important to approach new interactions with an open mind and to recognize that individuals are unique and cannot be fully understood based on their race alone.

Question 9

Seamus has features that are similar to those of other typical European males. Researchers refer to Seamus's features as-------------------of his social category.

Accepted Answer

Seamus's features are typical and representative of his social category, therefore they are considered to be prototypical. The other options do not accurately describe his features in relation to his social category.

Question 10

The more prototypical of a category a person is, the more quickly and easily that person is categorized. This process is known as the-------------------.

Accepted Answer

The concept of racial phenotypical bias explains how individuals with more stereotypical features of a category (e.g., race) are recognized and categorized more quickly and easily. This is because people tend to use physical characteristics as shortcuts for categorization, making those who more closely match the stereotypical features of a racial group more readily identifiable as members of that group.

Question 11

Research on categorization shows that

Accepted Answer

Research on categorization has shown that people are generally unaware that they use information about another's prototypicality in making judgments of them. This means that people tend to categorize others based on their perceived typical features without consciously realizing that they are doing so.

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary cue for estimating another person's biological sex?

Accepted Answer

Body shape is the primary cue for estimating another person's biological sex as it is determined by the presence of secondary sex characteristics such as distribution of body fat, muscle mass and bone structure, which differ between males and females. Face shape, hair length, and height can contribute to gender cues but are not the primary cues for determining biological sex.

Question 13

Oscar views a series of animated images of men and is asked to indicate the person's sexual orientation. According to research, Oscar is likely to categorize men with which physical characteristic as heterosexual?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people often use physical cues and stereotypes to make snap judgments about others' sexual orientation. A shoulder swagger is typically associated with masculinity and might lead people like Oscar to categorize such individuals as heterosexual, reflecting common stereotypes about gender expression and sexual orientation.

Question 14

Pedro identifies as politically conservative. Research shows that Pedro is most likely to rate Manuel negatively if Manuel

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that individuals with conservative political views are more likely to react negatively to non-conformity in gender roles or appearances, such as ambiguous gender-associated characteristics. This is because conservative ideologies often emphasize traditional roles and appearances.

Question 15

Barack Obama is biracial, but he is usually referred to as a Black man. When making this categorization, perceivers have engaged in

Accepted Answer

The answer of Barack Obama is biracial, but he is...

Question 16

White people are viewed as the top of the implicit racial hierarchy in the United States. Which group follows White people in this hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

Asian people are often viewed as the next highest group in the implicit racial hierarchy in the United States, a concept sometimes referred to as the "model minority" stereotype, which, while seemingly positive, can lead to harmful generalizations and expectations.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the minority bias in categorization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 18

Roshni has a Black mother and a White father. Based on her appearance, her race is ambiguous to most observers. According to research, perceivers will most likely

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that perceivers tend to use the "one-drop rule" when determining someone's race, meaning that if they have any Black ancestry, they will be classified as Black. Therefore, it is likely that most observers will classify Roshni as a Black person.

Question 19

Why is the minority bias in categorization more likely to emerge when a Black person rather than an Asian person is being categorized?

Accepted Answer

Asian people are often perceived as being higher in the racial hierarchy in the United States compared to Black people, which can influence the bias in categorization.

Question 20

When people are categorizing others based on facial features, they are most accurate when the person they are evaluating is a-------------------with-------------------.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people tend to be more accurate in categorizing gay men when they exhibit feminine features. This is likely due to societal stereotypes and biases that associate femininity with homosexuality in men.

Quiz 3: Social Categorization and Stereotypes