According to Huxley, "There is another fallacy which appears to me to pervade the so-called 'ethics of evolution.' It is the notion that because, on the whole, animals and plants have advanced in perfection of organization by means of the struggle for existence and the consequent 'survival of the fittest'; therefore men in society, men as ethical beings, must look to the same process to help them towards perfection."

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Huxley argues that the idea that human ethics should also rely on the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest is a fallacy that pervades the "ethics of evolution."

According to Huxley, "There Is Another Fallacy Which Appears to Me