Question 1

Type I hypersensitivity reaction is associated with ______.
A) IgE antibodies
B) IgM antibodies
C) CD4 cells
D) complement

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity reactions involve the activation of mast cells and basophils by IgE antibodies, which in turn release mediators that cause symptoms such as itching, swelling, and bronchoconstriction. IgM antibodies, CD4 cells, and complement are not typically involved in this type of reaction.

Question 2

The Mantoux test is an example of ______.
A) type I hypersensitivity reaction
B) delayed-type mediated hypersensitivity reaction
C) immunodeficiency disorder
D) type II hypersensitivity reaction

Accepted Answer

The Mantoux test is a type of skin test used to determine if a person has been exposed to tuberculosis. It involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) into the skin and then observing the reaction after a period of time. The reaction is classified as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, which is a type of cell-mediated immune response that takes several hours to days to develop. It is not a type I, type II, or immunodeficiency disorder.

Question 3

ABO blood group incompatibility is an example of ______.
A) allergic reaction
B) immune complex mediated disorder
C) type II antibody mediated disorder
D) autoimmune disorder

Accepted Answer

ABO blood group incompatibility is a type II antibody mediated disorder. It occurs when a person with one blood type is transfused with blood from a donor with a different blood type, leading to the production of antibodies against the donor's blood cells. This can result in the destruction of the donor's blood cells and cause a variety of symptoms, including fever, chills, and hemolysis.

Question 4

An autoimmune disorder is ______.
A) a viral infection
B) a deficiency of the immune system
C) a type IV reaction
D) when the mechanism of self-tolerance is lost

Accepted Answer

An autoimmune disorder occurs when the body's mechanism of self-tolerance is lost, causing the immune system to mistakenly attack its own healthy tissues and organs. It is not a viral infection or a deficiency of the immune system. While autoimmune disorders can involve type IV reactions, this is not the defining characteristic of the disorder.

Question 5

Immunodeficiency ______.
A) is the failure to recognise self
B) stimulates an allergic response
C) is a blood group reaction
D) can be acquired

Accepted Answer

Immunodeficiency can be acquired, which means it is not inherited but can be caused by factors such as infections, medications, or diseases that weaken the immune system. The other choices are incorrect.

Question 6

Which of the following lists is accurate in relation to causes of anaemia?
A) Factors leading to anaemia include: iron deficiency, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, bone marrow dysfunction, too much carbohydrate in the diet.
B) Factors leading to anaemia include: iron deficiency, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, bone marrow dysfunction.
C) Factors leading to anaemia include: iron deficiency, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, too much carbohydrate in the diet.
D) Factors leading to anaemia include: iron deficiency, blood loss, bone marrow dysfunction, too much carbohydrate in the diet.

Accepted Answer

Anaemia is commonly caused by a lack of iron, folic acid or vitamin B12, blood loss, and bone marrow dysfunction. Too much carbohydrate in the diet is not a known cause of anaemia. Therefore, option B is the accurate list of causes of anaemia.

Question 7

Which of the following accurately identifies metabolic changes due to reduced blood flow?
A) reduction in ATP formation, fall in pH occurs, increased lactic acid formation, increased warmth of the tissues
B) anaerobic metabolism is increased, fall in pH occurs, increased lactic acid formation, increased warmth of the tissues
C) anaerobic metabolism is increased, increased lactic acid formation, reduction in ATP formation, increased warmth of the tissues
D) anaerobic metabolism is increased, fall in pH occurs, increased lactic acid formation, reduction in ATP formation

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood flow leads to a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues, resulting in increased anaerobic metabolism. This leads to increased lactic acid formation, which results in a fall in pH. Additionally, the decrease in oxygen supply can lead to a reduction in ATP formation. Increased warmth of the tissues is not a consistent metabolic change due to reduced blood flow. Therefore, option D best identifies the metabolic changes due to reduced blood flow.

Question 8

Which of the following lists is an accurate description of risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis?
A) high incidence in family, hypertension, smoking, regular exercise
B) hypertension, smoking, obesity, regular exercise
C) high incidence in family, hypertension, smoking, obesity,
D) high incidence in family, hypertension, obesity, regular exercise

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, leading to decreased blood flow and increased risk of heart disease and stroke. The risk factors for developing atherosclerosis include genetics (high incidence in family), hypertension, smoking, and obesity. Regular exercise is actually a protective factor and can help decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Therefore, choice C is the only list that accurately describes the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an accurate list of causes of hypovolaemic shock?
A) haemorrhage, fluid loss from burns, diabetes insipidus, fluid loss from GI tract (diarrhoea and vomiting)
B) haemorrhage, fluid loss from burns, drinking large volumes of fluid, diabetes insipidus,
C) haemorrhage, fluid loss from burns, drinking large volumes of fluid, fluid loss from GI tract (diarrhoea and vomiting)
D) haemorrhage, drinking large volumes of fluid, diabetes insipidus, fluid loss from GI tract (diarrhoea and vomiting)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not an...

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not accurate?
A) A TIA has similar effects as a stroke but lasts less than 24 hours.
B) FAST stands for signs to identify a stroke and action to take.
C) An ischaemic stroke always occurs swiftly.
D) A haemorrhagic stroke is due to bleeding into the brain.

Accepted Answer

Ischaemic strokes can occur suddenly, but they can also develop over several hours or even days. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if any symptoms of a stroke are present, regardless of how quickly they develop.

Quiz 4: Disorders of Immunity and Defence ; Disorders of Blood and Blood Supply

Type I hypersensitivity reaction is associated with ______.

The Mantoux test is an example of ______.

ABO blood group incompatibility is an example of ______.

An autoimmune disorder is ______.

Immunodeficiency ______.

Which of the following lists is accurate in relation to causes of anaemia?

Which of the following accurately identifies metabolic changes due to reduced blood flow?

Which of the following lists is an accurate description of risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis?

Which of the following is not an accurate list of causes of hypovolaemic shock?

Which of the following statements is not accurate?