Question 1

Management information systems describe a broad scope of activities that includes but is not limited to the management of:
A) decision support systems.
B) merchandise.
C) products.
D) nursing services.

Accepted Answer

Management information systems (MIS) describe a broad scope of activities that includes but is not limited to managing: decision support systems, resource and people management applications, project management, and database retrieval applications.

Question 2

_____ was recognized by the American Nurses Association (ANA) as a nursing specialty in 1992 and is one of the fastest growing practice areas in health care.
A) Nurse anesthesia
B) Nursing informatics
C) Nurse-midwifery
D) Clinical nurse specialist

Accepted Answer

Nursing informatics is one of the fastest growing practice areas in health care.

Question 3

Nursing informatics includes the:
A) coding and billing of hospital and physician services.
B) management and communication of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice
C) organization and selection of quality medical information.
D) support and troubleshooting of computer software issues.

Accepted Answer

Nursing informatics is a "specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice" (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2015a, p. 1).

Question 4

Nurses utilize _____ through critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills to determine when and how to apply evidence-based knowledge.
A) orders
B) data
C) information
D) wisdom

Accepted Answer

Wisdom is the appropriate use of knowledge in managing and solving patient problems, risks, and needs for health enhancement. Wisdom is knowing when and how to apply the evidence-based knowledge with client information, which nurses exercise through critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills.

Question 5

What are some of the expected outcomes in the client domain of nursing data? (Select all that apply.)
A) Patient satisfaction
B) Achieved care outcomes
C) Continuity of care
D) Level of dependency
E) Intensity of nursing care

Accepted Answer

In the client domain, the cost and continuity of care for the client are important because data are now shared among providers within the HIE to manage care. Patient satisfaction and the achievement of care outcomes are also expected within the client domain. Some of the variables include diagnosis, age, gender, marital status, level of dependency, and intensity of nursing care.

Question 6

The formal process of using patient data for providing evidence for the design of care protocols is termed:
A) evidence-based practice.
B) practice-based evidence.
C) data analysis.
D) effectiveness research.

Accepted Answer

Collecting and extracting data that describe the processes and outcomes of nursing care electronically has provided evidence for the design of care protocols and delivery models (Horn & Gassaway, 2010). The formal process of using these patient data for providing this evidence is termed practice-based evidence.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true regarding health information technology (HIT) applications in nursing services? (Select all that apply.)
A) HIT involves nursing administration, clinical informatics, and effectiveness research.
B) Health information data allow nursing leaders to make informed decisions regarding patient care.
C) HIT is used primarily for financial decision making.
D) Clinical decision support utilizes tools for downloading, collecting, organizing, and analyzing data.
E) HIT is used by senior leaders only.

Accepted Answer

HIT applications in nursing services arise from the intersection of three areas: nursing administration; clinical informatics; and effectiveness research, including research on client outcomes. The technologies are tools for downloading, collecting, organizing, and analyzing vast amounts of complex data, and clinical decision support. Having these data in an accessible format increases nursing leaders', managers', and administrators' ability to make informed decisions regarding the organization and delivery of patient care.

Question 8

Nursing data need to include which of the following domains?
A) Fiduciary data
B) Outcome data
C) Client data
D) Tertiary data

Accepted Answer

Nursing's data needs fall in four domains: client care, provider competencies and staffing, administration of care and sustainability of the organization, and knowledge-based research for evidence-based practice.

Question 9

Nursing outcome databases are critical because nurses must be able to:
A) assess the differences between an associate degree in nursing and a bachelor's of science degree in nursing.
B) compare interventional care strategies between physicians.
C) evaluate nurse's aide- and licensed practical/vocational nurse-sensitive outcomes.
D) measure how nurses influence patient outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Nursing outcome databases are critical for two reasons: (1) nurses are able to measure and document how nurses influence patient outcomes across care providers for populations of patients, and (2) the study of nursing-sensitive outcomes allows comparisons among interventional strategies and advances the science of nursing care delivery (Furukawa et al., 2011; Minthorn & Lunney, 2010; Muller-Staub, 2009; Scherb et al., 2011).

Question 10

Nursing's data needs fall into four domains. Which of the following statements accurately describe the sources for data in each of the domains? (Select all that apply.)
A) Client data is located in the client's health care record.
B) Provider data refers to physicians and is located within the medical board.
C) Administrative data is located in registry and regulatory performance data.
D) Research data is only available with informed consent.
E) Existing and newly gathered data can be a source of obtaining research information.

Accepted Answer

The sources of client data are the client's health care record, their personal health record, and patient-provider messages. Administrative data is located in administrative, fiscal, population, registry, and regulatory performance data. Existing and newly gathered data, relational databases, and common data elements are sources of research data.

Question 11

It is estimated that nurses spend approximately _____ of their time documenting information in the EHR.
A) 7%
B) 17%
C) 20%
D) 35%

Accepted Answer

Nurses spend approximately 19% of their time in patient care, 7% with assessments, 17% managing medications, 20% coordinating care, and 35% documenting patient information in EHRs (Burnes-Bolton, 2009).

Question 12

The first person to analyze patient outcomes associated with nursing care delivery was:
A) Clara Barton.
B) Dorothea Dix.
C) Florence Nightingale.
D) Luther Christman.

Accepted Answer

Florence Nightingale was the first person to analyze patient outcomes associated with nursing care delivery. This occurred in the nineteenth century.

Question 13

The implementation of an electronic health record (EHR) could enhance patient care by facilitating:
A) communication across the health care continuum.
B) diabetes mellitus education and ongoing care delivery.
C) one-on-one counseling between the provider and the client.
D) physical and occupational therapy dispensing errors.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of an EHR is to document patient care in a single repository as a clinical, financial, and legal record. The electronic digital format supports the storage and exchange of the CCD from the record that is accessible and available among health care members regardless of their location. The EHR is a virtual record of retrospective, concurrent, and prospective information to support continuous, efficient, and integrated health care (Häyrinen et al., 2008).

Question 14

Effectiveness research:
A) is the study of relationships among health care problems.
B) provides solutions to serious global health care issues.
C) reflects sound, reliable, and valid data that can be examined closely.
D) supplies data that are critical and worthy of gathering.

Accepted Answer

Effectiveness research applies epidemiological methods to large databases to study relationships among health care problems, interventions, outcomes, and costs, and determine alternatives and their effects with different patient characteristics and intervening variables.

Question 15

The collection of data to measure performance is required by:
A) the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).
B) the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
C) The Joint Commission (TJC).
D) Health Information Technology.

Accepted Answer

The collection of data to measure performance is a requirement of TJC.

Question 16

The Office of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (HIT) was created by:
A) President Barack Obama.
B) President George W. Bush.
C) Hillary Clinton.
D) President Bill Clinton.

Accepted Answer

In 2004, President George W. Bush created the position of Office of National Coordinator for HIT within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The coordinator's role involved leadership to develop the standards and interoperability framework and establish the infrastructure necessary to harness the use of information technology and exchange of health information nationwide to improve patient care and reduce health care costs.

Question 17

The data analysts within a health care organization pull core measure data from patient records on a quarterly basis. This data is then analyzed and collated into a report that is uploaded to TJC for analysis of adherence to core measure requirements. This is an example of:
A) health information exchange (HIE).
B) effectiveness research.
C) health information management.
D) management information systems.

Accepted Answer

Health information exchange (HIE) is defined as the electronic movement of health-related information among organizations according to nationally recognized standards that allow health care providers to access and securely share vital medical information electronically (HealthIT.gov, 2014a). The HIE is a process within either a state health information network or a regional health information organization (RHIO), often for a geographic area.

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes a desirable characteristic of a good management information system?
A) Data should be sorted and labeled within 2 weeks.
B) For accurate interpretation, data should reflect a health bias.
C) Information gathering should be comprehensive and cost-effective.
D) The management information system operating system should be Windows-based.

Accepted Answer

Ten criteria or desirable characteristics for a good management information system are the following: (1) informative, (2) relevant, (3) sensitive, (4) unbiased, (5) comprehensive, (6) timely, (7) action-oriented, (8) uniform, (9) performance-targeted, and (10) cost-effective (Austin, 1979).

Question 19

The Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) was designed to:
A) determine differences in care delivery between the holder of an associate degree in nursing and a bachelor's of science in nursing.
B) evaluate the nursing language of NANDA, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Nursing Outcomes Classification.
C) provide data for leaders to make decisions about staffing patterns.
D) standardize the collection of nursing data across populations.

Accepted Answer

The formulation of the NMDS was an effort to standardize the collection of essential nursing information for comparison of nursing data across patient populations.

Question 20

In the provider domain, what are some of the variables that are used to measure variability in nursing? (Select all that apply.)
A) Certification
B) Hours of work
C) Education level
D) Years of experience
E) Attitudes and beliefs

Accepted Answer

In the provider domain, professional skills/knowledge and intensity of nursing care are variables that may be measured to monitor variability and to control workforce capacity. The quality and types of services are dependent on the competencies of the professional workforce.

Quiz 26: Data Management and Clinical Informatics

Management information systems describe a broad scope of activities that includes but is not limited to the management of:

_____ was recognized by the American Nurses Association (ANA) as a nursing specialty in 1992 and is one of the fastest growing practice areas in health care.

Nursing informatics includes the:

Nurses utilize _____ through critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills to determine when and how to apply evidence-based knowledge.

What are some of the expected outcomes in the client domain of nursing data? (Select all that apply.)

The formal process of using patient data for providing evidence for the design of care protocols is termed:

Which of the following statements are true regarding health information technology (HIT) applications in nursing services? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing data need to include which of the following domains?

Nursing outcome databases are critical because nurses must be able to:

Nursing's data needs fall into four domains. Which of the following statements accurately describe the sources for data in each of the domains? (Select all that apply.)

It is estimated that nurses spend approximately _____ of their time documenting information in the EHR.

The first person to analyze patient outcomes associated with nursing care delivery was:

The implementation of an electronic health record (EHR) could enhance patient care by facilitating:

Effectiveness research:

The collection of data to measure performance is required by:

The Office of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (HIT) was created by:

The data analysts within a health care organization pull core measure data from patient records on a quarterly basis. This data is then analyzed and collated into a report that is uploaded to TJC for analysis of adherence to core measure requirements. This is an example of:

Which of the following statements best describes a desirable characteristic of a good management information system?

The Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) was designed to:

In the provider domain, what are some of the variables that are used to measure variability in nursing? (Select all that apply.)