Question 1

Healthy Start, a children's healthcare policy in Wisconsin, and SCHIP, a federal children's healthcare policy, are great examples of how role of families is valued and supported by policymakers.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

What five major roles do families play in health and illness? Give examples of each.

Accepted Answer

1. Emotional support: Families provide emotional support to their members during times of illness or health challenges. For example, a family may rally around a member who is diagnosed with cancer, offering love, encouragement, and a listening ear.

2. Caregiving: Families often take on the role of caregivers when a member is ill, providing assistance with daily activities, medication management, and transportation to medical appointments. For instance, a family may take turns caring for an elderly parent with dementia, ensuring their safety and well-being.

3. Health promotion: Families play a crucial role in promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles. This can include encouraging regular exercise, healthy eating habits, and regular medical check-ups. For example, a family may plan and prepare nutritious meals together, and engage in physical activities as a group.

4. Advocacy: Families advocate for the health and well-being of their members within the healthcare system. This can involve communicating with healthcare providers, seeking second opinions, and ensuring that their loved one's needs are met. For instance, a family may research treatment options and participate in care planning meetings for a child with a chronic illness.

5. Health education: Families are responsible for educating their members about health-related topics, such as disease prevention, medication management, and understanding medical conditions. For example, a family may educate their children about the importance of regular handwashing to prevent the spread of illness, or help an elderly relative understand their medication regimen.

Question 3

What makes designing long-term care policy more difficult than designing acute care policy?

Accepted Answer

Designing long-term care policy is more difficult than designing acute care policy for several reasons:

1. **Complexity of Needs**: Long-term care encompasses a wide range of services and supports for individuals who have a chronic illness or disability. The needs of these individuals are often complex and multifaceted, requiring coordination across various types of care (medical, personal, social) and settings (home, community, institutional).

2. **Duration of Services**: Unlike acute care, which is typically provided for a short period until recovery, long-term care may be needed for months, years, or even a lifetime. This extended timeframe makes predicting costs and required services more challenging.

3. **Funding and Payment Models**: Long-term care is expensive, and the current funding models, which often involve a mix of private pay, insurance, and government programs like Medicaid, are complex. Designing policies that ensure sustainable funding while remaining affordable for individuals and families is a significant challenge.

4. **Workforce Issues**: Providing long-term care requires a large, skilled workforce, including nurses, aides, therapists, and informal caregivers such as family members. There is often a shortage of qualified professionals in this field, and policies must address workforce recruitment, training, retention, and compensation.

5. **Variability in Quality**: Ensuring consistent quality across long-term care services is difficult due to the diverse settings and providers involved. Policy must establish and enforce quality standards while also being flexible enough to accommodate the unique needs of individuals.

6. **Integration with Other Services**: Individuals receiving long-term care often have other needs, such as housing, transportation, and social services. Effective policy must integrate long-term care with these other services to provide comprehensive support.

7. **Changing Demographics**: As populations age, the demand for long-term care increases. Policies must be adaptable to demographic shifts and the evolving needs of an aging society.

8. **Consumer Preferences**: There is a growing preference for aging in place, which means more people want to receive long-term care in their homes or communities rather than in institutions. Policies must support a range of care options to respect these preferences.

9. **Regulatory Environment**: Long-term care is subject to a complex web of state and federal regulations. Designing policy requires navigating this regulatory environment and ensuring that regulations protect consumers without being overly burdensome to providers.

10. **Ethical and Equity Considerations**: Long-term care policy must address ethical issues such as autonomy, consent, and the rights of individuals with cognitive impairments. Additionally, there are significant disparities in access to long-term care services, and policies must work to ensure equity.

In summary, the multifaceted nature of long-term care, the extended duration of services, the complexity of funding models, workforce challenges, quality variability, the need for integration with other services, changing demographics, consumer preferences, regulatory complexities, and ethical and equity considerations all contribute to the difficulty of designing long-term care policy compared to acute care policy.

Question 4

What three questions do Bogenschneider et al. (2012) raise for considering family impact on policy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What three questions do Bogenschneider et al....

Question 5

What have family impact analyses on the EITC revealed about the eligibility of cohabiting vs. married couples?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What have family impact analyses on the...

Question 6

How many jobs are expected to be added the U.S. economy over the next 70 years provided that preschools have universal participation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many jobs are expected to be...

Question 7

What is the effect of parental involvement on juvenile delinquency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the effect of parental involvement...

Question 8

Briefly, compare economic growth in the U.S.. directly after World War II to the early 1970s and from the mid 1970s to today.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly, compare economic growth in the U.S.....

Question 9

Which welfare policy provided cash assistance to low or no-income families?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which welfare policy provided cash assistance to...

Question 10

How did TANF reform welfare?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did TANF reform welfare?...

Question 11

Name two ways family considerations shifted the perspective on welfare policy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name two ways family considerations shifted the...

Question 12

What role do families play in creating juvenile delinquents? What role can families play in policies aimed at reducing juvenile crime? What process did Washington State use to implement evidence-based policy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What role do families play in creating...

Question 13

Give examples of how the family impact lens has impacted the effectiveness, the efficiency, and the implementation of family policies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give examples of how the family impact...

Question 14

The family impact lens considers effects of certain legislation, rules, programs, and organizations on family well-being.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. The family impact lens is a tool used to analyze how policies may affect families, and helps ensure that decisions are made with consideration for the well-being of families.

Question 15

The "Make Work Pay" experiments conducted in Milwaukee, Minnesota, and Canada were effective in raising low-income families out of poverty, especially single-mothers, African Americans, and high school dropouts.

Accepted Answer

The "Make Work Pay" experiments were successful in increasing the employment and earnings of low-income families, with significant positive effects on single-mothers, African Americans, and high school dropouts. This helped to reduce poverty and improve economic well-being for disadvantaged populations in the areas studied.

Question 16

An example of how the family impact lens can guide program implementation is seen in a meta-analysis finding that participation in family-centered programs results in improved self-efficacy, child and parent behaviors, and family well-being.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the potential impact of using a family impact lens to guide program implementation based on the findings of a meta-analysis.

Question 17

A family impact analysis on international adoption showed significant underrepresentation of and lack of advocacy for the interests of the adoptive family.

Accepted Answer

Family impact analyses on international adoption often focus on the interests and challenges faced by adoptive families, including their need for support and advocacy, rather than showing a significant underrepresentation or lack of advocacy for these interests.

Question 18

In the last three decades, childcare services for preschool-age children plummeted from 80% to 25% in correlation with the unemployment rate and an increased rate of work-at-home mothers.

Accepted Answer

The statement combines unrelated trends without evidence to support a direct correlation between childcare service rates, unemployment rates, and an increase in work-at-home mothers. Childcare service rates can be influenced by various factors, including economic conditions, government policies, and societal changes, but the specific percentages and direct correlations mentioned are not supported by consistent, broad data.

Question 19

Studies have shown that early childhood education has no long-term effect on high school graduation rates or adult earned income.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have actually shown the opposite, indicating that early childhood education can have positive long-term effects on academic achievement, income, and even health outcomes.

Question 20

Early childcare results in improved work productivity, lower stress, and advanced education for parents.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that access to early childcare leads to improved work productivity and lower stress levels for parents, as well as higher educational outcomes.

Quiz 7: How Current Policy Issues Can Benefit From the Family Impact Lens