Formal-operational cognitive capacities involve

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Formal-operational cognitive capacities involve propositional thinking, which is the ability to evaluate the truth of statements based on logic and evidence, as well as abstract reasoning, which involves thinking about concepts and relationships that may not have a physical presence. Thinking about concrete objects and events (choice A) is a characteristic of preoperational thought, while trial and error (choice B) is more characteristic of the sensorimotor stage. Adapting to the requirements of formal institutions (choice D) is not directly related to cognitive development.

Formal-Operational Cognitive Capacities Involve