Question 1

Give three examples in which culture has been shown to influence prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

Evidence that prenatal humans are influenced by culture has been shown in relation to maternal food selection, emotional stress experienced by pregnant women, and language spoken in the environment of the mother.

Question 2

Regarding the role of culture in development, what conclusions can be drawn from research using false-belief tasks to investigate the emergence of theory of mind in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

When carefully stripped-down versions of false-belief tasks are presented to people of widely different cultural backgrounds, they perform the same, but cultural variations appear when language and explanation are made part of the assessment.

Question 3

List three of the six characteristics of institutionalized public basic schooling (IPBS) that reflect the notion of "culture as medium."

Accepted Answer

The settings in which schooling occurs are distinctive in that they are removed from contexts of practical activity; there is a peculiar social structure to formal schooling, in which a single adult interacts with many children at a time; there is a distinctive value system associated with schooling that sets educated people above their peers; there is a special mediational skill, writing; group-based assistance is used to facilitate individual achievement; patterns of verbal communication are used in distinctive ways (e.g., teachers ask children to answer questions to which teachers already know the answer).

Question 4

What evidence exists to support the claim that schooling in middle childhood has effects on parenting in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What evidence exists to support the claim...

Question 5

Which of the following approaches tends to regard culture as an antecedent or independent variable that acts on psychological processes?
A) Cross-cultural psychology
B) Cultural psychology
C) Culture-as-medium
Multicultural psychology

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural psychology tends to view culture as an antecedent or independent variable that influences psychological processes. It focuses on comparing psychological processes across different cultures to identify similarities and differences. Cultural psychology, on the other hand, views culture as a dynamic system that co-constructs individuals and psychological processes. Culture-as-medium emphasizes the role of culture as a means through which psychological processes are expressed and experienced. Multicultural psychology focuses on understanding the intersection of multiple cultural identities and how they affect psychological processes.

Question 6

The accumulated wisdom and refinement that produces a tool or artifact would be considered an example of _____ culture:
A) Material
B) Ideal
C) Mental
D) Symbolic

Accepted Answer

The accumulated wisdom and refinement that produces a tool or artifact is an example of material culture, which includes tangible objects and physical artifacts. This is because the tool or artifact is a physical manifestation of the culture that produced it and reflects the material conditions and values of that culture. Ideal culture, mental culture, and symbolic culture all refer to non-tangible elements of culture such as beliefs, values, and social norms.

Question 7

Cultural psychologists such as Shweder contend that human artifacts:
A) Are combinations of ideal and material culture
B) Are largely only symbolically inherited
C) Reflect universal features of human culture
D) Exist primarily in material culture

Accepted Answer

Cultural psychologists such as Shweder consider human artifacts to be a combination of ideal and material culture. Ideal culture refers to the values, beliefs, and attitudes that a society holds, while material culture encompasses the physical objects and structures that a culture creates. Shweder suggests that human artifacts reflect both these aspects of culture and are therefore a combination of both ideal and material culture.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a developmental niche?
A) Shared biological changes related to brain development
B) Physical and social settings in which the child lives
C) Culturally regulated childrearing and socialization practices of the child's society
D) Psychological characteristics of the child's parents

Accepted Answer

Developmental niches focus on the interaction between the child and their environment, including physical and social settings, culturally regulated practices, and the characteristics of caregivers, rather than shared biological changes which are universal aspects of human development.

Question 9

Current research on the role of schooling in cognitive development during middle childhood suggests that concrete operational thinking is not influenced by schooling but rather:
A) Schooling influences people's ability to understand the presuppositions of the testing situations
B) Preoperational thinkers tend to acquire domain-specific knowledge that is concrete
C) Children seek out opportunities to use concrete operations in school settings
D) Teachers are biased in their perception and assessment of students' concrete operational thinking

Accepted Answer

Schooling influences individuals' understanding of the presuppositions of testing situations, which can affect their performance on tasks designed to assess cognitive development, rather than directly influencing the development of concrete operational thinking itself.

Question 10

Culturally embedded changes in relations between children and their social world as an integral part of the changing relations between their biological makeup and their behavior are known as:
A) Bio-social-behavioral shifts
B) Developmental stages
C) Culturally mediated development
D) "The garden metaphor"

Accepted Answer

Bio-social-behavioral shifts refer to changes that occur at the intersection of biological, social, and behavioral factors, highlighting how cultural and social contexts influence the development of children in relation to their biological makeup and behavior.

Question 11

How do the three traditional views of human development held by Gesell, Skinner, and Piaget equate culture with environment, and in what ways does the view presented by Cole and Packer of "culture in development" offer an alternative?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do the three traditional views of...

Question 12

How does research on the influence of schooling suggest that language is a fundamental cultural influence on development in middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does research on the influence of...

Quiz 2: Why You Are Assessing

Give three examples in which culture has been shown to influence prenatal development.

Regarding the role of culture in development, what conclusions can be drawn from research using false-belief tasks to investigate the emergence of theory of mind in early childhood?

List three of the six characteristics of institutionalized public basic schooling (IPBS) that reflect the notion of "culture as medium."

What evidence exists to support the claim that schooling in middle childhood has effects on parenting in adulthood?

Which of the following approaches tends to regard culture as an antecedent or independent variable that acts on psychological processes?

The accumulated wisdom and refinement that produces a tool or artifact would be considered an example of _____ culture:

Cultural psychologists such as Shweder contend that human artifacts:

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a developmental niche?

Current research on the role of schooling in cognitive development during middle childhood suggests that concrete operational thinking is not influenced by schooling but rather:

Culturally embedded changes in relations between children and their social world as an integral part of the changing relations between their biological makeup and their behavior are known as:

How do the three traditional views of human development held by Gesell, Skinner, and Piaget equate culture with environment, and in what ways does the view presented by Cole and Packer of "culture in development" offer an alternative?

How does research on the influence of schooling suggest that language is a fundamental cultural influence on development in middle childhood?