Question 1

Which of the following pairs does not match?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory focused on cognitive development and did not focus specifically on group socialization.

Question 2

Which of the following theorists stressed the importance of peer interactions as opportunities for negotiating multiple perspectives, including conflict and compromise?

Accepted Answer

Piaget emphasized the role of peer interactions in cognitive development, particularly how children learn through the negotiation of differing viewpoints, which includes understanding conflict and compromise. This is part of his theory on how children construct an understanding of the world around them.

Question 3

Which of the following theorists of peer relationships is the most biologically-based?

Accepted Answer

Hinde's work is rooted in ethology, which emphasizes the biological and evolutionary basis of behavior, making his approach the most biologically-based among the options.

Question 4

_____ is a central feature of peer-oriented social interactions between birth and three months of age:

Accepted Answer

Imitation is a central feature of peer-oriented social interactions between birth and three months of age, as infants begin to mimic the facial expressions and gestures of others, laying the foundation for later social development.

Question 5

Peer interactions as coordinated, complex social exchanges are characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

Peer interactions as coordinated, complex social exchanges are characteristic of school-age children who have developed the cognitive and social skills needed for more sophisticated social interactions. Preschoolers are still developing these skills, infants are just beginning to form social connections, and while adolescents do engage in complex social exchanges, they also have a greater focus on individual identity and may prioritize individual goals over group dynamics.

Question 6

A reassessment of Parten's original conclusions regarding the developmental sequence of six types of social participation reveals that these changes are largely the result of:

Accepted Answer

Parten's original conclusions on social participation were primarily based on observations of children's behavior in play settings. Therefore, it is likely that these changes in social participation are largely due to cognitive maturity, or the development of cognitive skills, such as perspective-taking and cooperation, necessary for more complex forms of social interaction. While parental involvement, biologically-based needs, and cultural norms may also influence social participation, they are likely to have a more limited role in shaping the developmental sequence identified by Parten.

Question 7

According to developmental scientists, which of the following is not necessarily a characteristic of children's friendships?

Accepted Answer

Equality is not necessarily a characteristic of children's friendships, as friendships can exist with power imbalances or differences in status.

Question 8

In which of the following periods of development do individuals tend to describe friends as companions who live nearby and share their own expectations about play activities?

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, children typically describe friends as companions who live nearby and share similar expectations about play activities. This period is characterized by a focus on shared activities and interests, rather than emotional closeness or loyalty, which become more important in later developmental stages.

Question 9

In which of the following periods of development do individuals tend to describe friends as people who stick up for, and are loyal to, each other?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following periods of...

Question 10

In which of the following periods of development do individuals tend to describe friends as people who share similar interests and are willing to engage in shared self-disclosure?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, individuals tend to describe friends as people who share similar interests and are willing to engage in shared self-disclosure. This is a period of development characterized by identity exploration and the need for social support and acceptance, which leads to the formation of close friendships based on shared values, beliefs, and interests. In middle and late childhood, friendships are still important, but tend to be based more on proximity and common activities, rather than shared interests and self-disclosure. In young adulthood, individuals may still value shared interests and self-disclosure in friendships, but also tend to prioritize qualities such as reliability, loyalty, and emotional support.

Question 11

Which of the following types of friendships is LESS likely to be characterized by stability?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following types of friendships...

Question 12

What percentage of young adolescents have researchers found to be friendless (i.e., having no mutual friends)?

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that about 15% to 20% of young adolescents are friendless, meaning they have no mutual friends.

Quiz 3: Peer Relationships