A manipulation check might fail because
A) the manipulation is not valid as an operational definition of the independent variable.
B) the manipulation was valid but not strong enough to affect participants' behavior.
C) participants were not paying attention to the manipulation.
D) of any of the above.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A manipulation check can fail for various reasons, such as if the manipulation is not a valid operational definition of the independent variable or if it is not strong enough to affect participants' behavior. Additionally, if participants were not paying attention to the manipulation, this could also contribute to the failure of the check. Therefore, all of these options could potentially lead to a manipulation check failure.

A Manipulation Check Might Fail Because