According to Alain Touraine, the fundamental problem of integration in France is…

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Alain Touraine argues that the fundamental problem of integration in France is segregation, which refers to the physical and social separation of different ethnic and social groups in society. He believes that the French society is highly divided along cultural, racial, and religious lines, leading to a lack of interaction and understanding between different groups. This, in turn, leads to feelings of exclusion and marginalization among certain communities, which can lead to social tensions and conflicts. Poverty, symbolism, and rural-urban migration are also factors that may contribute to integration difficulties, but they are not the key issue identified by Touraine.

According to Alain Touraine, the Fundamental Problem of Integration in France