Cesare Beccaria argued that the law, the courts, and especially judges have a responsibility to protect the innocent from conviction and to convict the guilty, but to do so without regard to their status, wealth, or power. Therefore, the only basis for conviction was the facts of the case. This led to the principle of 'the presumption of ____________,' designed to protect individual rights against excessive state power or corrupt officials.

Question

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Beccaria's principle is known as "the presumption of innocence," which assumes that a person is innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. This principle protects individuals from being wrongly convicted based on assumptions or bias, and places the burden of proof on the prosecution to prove guilt.

Cesare Beccaria Argued That the Law, the Courts, and Especially