Jeremy Bentham offered the notion of the '__________, or felicity, calculus' as an explanation for people's actions. This calculus states that people act to increase positive results through their pursuit of pleasure and to reduce negative outcomes through the avoidance of pain.

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Bentham's notion of the hedonistic calculus suggests that people's actions are motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. This view can be seen as a form of ethical hedonism, which holds that pleasure and happiness are the ultimate goals of human life.

Jeremy Bentham Offered the Notion of the '__________, or Felicity