The major weakness of the nonequivalent, control group design concerns

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The major weakness of the nonequivalent, control group design concerns selection effects because the groups being compared were not randomly assigned, which means that there may be systematic differences between them that could affect the outcome. This limits the ability to draw causal inferences from the study. Instrumentation effects, testing effects, and low statistical power are potential weaknesses, but they are not the major concern of this design.

The Major Weakness of the Nonequivalent, Control Group Design Concerns