Nonequivalent control group designs

Question

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Nonequivalent control group designs involve at least two groups that are not randomly formed, meaning that they are not equivalent at the outset of the study. This creates a potential threat to internal validity, as there may be unmeasured differences between the groups that could influence the outcomes. However, these designs are still useful in program evaluation when random assignment is not feasible or ethical. They can be used to compare the outcomes of a program or intervention to a control group that is similar in relevant characteristics but not randomly assigned.

Nonequivalent Control Group Designs