In the nineteenth century, New Jersey's legislature adopted a number of so-called "sunset laws" that closed the polls early on election day, usually before the working day at factories was over. What would the effect that this had on the working class be called?

Question

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The effect of the "sunset laws" was to disenfranchise the working class by limiting their ability to vote. By closing the polls early, many factory workers were unable to make it to the polling stations in time to cast their vote, effectively taking away their right to participate in the democratic process. Voter fraud (B) refers to illegal activities that distort the outcome of an election, while democracy (A) and representation (C) are ideals that the disenfranchisement of a large segment of the population would undermine. Totalitarianism (E) refers to a system of government in which the state has complete control over all aspects of society, and is not relevant to the situation described in the question.

In the Nineteenth Century, New Jersey's Legislature Adopted a Number