Question 1

The ____________ model of motivation holds that people work mainly to obtain tangible rewards.

Accepted Answer

The economic/machine model of motivation views individuals as rational and self-interested, driven to work by tangible rewards such as money or promotions. This model is largely based on the principles of classical economics and assumes that individuals will work to maximize their own economic benefit.

Question 2

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, if a worker's basic and security needs are satisfied, he or she will be motivated primarily to satisfy _____________ needs.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, after basic physiological and safety needs are met, people are motivated to fulfill social needs, which include the need for love, affection, and belongingness.

Question 3

According to ____________, workers' motivation is based on the perceived probability that their work will lead to outcomes that they highly desire.

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory, developed by Victor Vroom, suggests that workers' motivation is based on the perceived probability that their work will lead to outcomes that they highly desire. It states that an employee's effort is dependent on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy is the belief that effort will lead to performance, instrumentality is the belief that performance will lead to desired outcomes, and valence is the value that someone places on the outcome.

Question 4

Which of the following is not considered a motivator according to job enrichment?

Accepted Answer

According to job enrichment theory, work relationships are considered a hygiene factor rather than a motivator. Hygiene factors are necessary for job satisfaction, but they do not result in increased motivation or productivity. Recognition, responsibility, and advancement are all considered motivators that can increase an employee's job satisfaction and motivation.

Question 5

An approach to police organizational development that tends to be cost-saving and also helps diversify police organizations is:

Accepted Answer

Civilianization involves replacing sworn officers with civilian employees in non-core police functions such as clerical work, traffic control, and dispatching. This approach can help diversify police organizations by allowing for the hiring of non-sworn employees from a variety of backgrounds and experiences. Additionally, it can be cost-saving as sworn officers tend to have higher salaries and benefits packages compared to civilian employees.

Question 6

The Hawthorne studies showed that peoples' performance at work was motivated primarily by money.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies showed that people's performance at work was influenced by factors other than just money, such as social and psychological factors.

Question 7

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, workers are motivated primarily by security needs.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, workers are motivated by a variety of needs including physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. While security needs are important, they are only one component of an individual's overall motivation.

Question 8

According to Theory X, people do not like work and will avoid it whenever possible.

Accepted Answer

Theory X assumes that people are inherently lazy and will avoid work unless forced or motivated by external factors such as rewards or punishment.

Question 9

According to job enrichment, improving work factors such as company policies, supervision, and pay results in more motivated workers.

Accepted Answer

According to job enrichment theory, improving factors such as autonomy, skill variety, and task significance, among others, leads to more motivated workers, not just factors like company policies, supervision, and pay.

Question 10

About 25% of police agencies today require applicants to have a 4-year college degree.

Accepted Answer

Most police agencies in the United States do not require a 4-year college degree; the majority only require a high school diploma or equivalent, though some may prefer or require some college coursework or a 2-year degree.

Question 11

___________ is based on the observation that employees work harder when they have a clear understanding of the goals of the organization and can see how their work contributes to achieving these goals.

Accepted Answer

Management by objectives (MBO) is a performance management approach that involves setting specific objectives for employees to achieve within a particular time frame. MBO enables employees to understand what is expected from them and how their performance will be evaluated. This approach helps create a sense of ownership among employees, as they are involved in setting their own performance goals and objectives. As a result, they work harder to achieve those goals and contribute towards the overall success of the organization.

Question 12

Work conditions, salary, and personal life are considered _______, while recognition, advancement, and responsibility are considered _________.

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory classifies work conditions, salary, and personal life as hygiene factors, which are essential for employee satisfaction but do not motivate them to work harder or perform better. On the other hand, recognition, advancement, and responsibility are motivators that directly affect employees' motivation, engagement, and productivity. Therefore, the correct choice is B) Hygiene factors, motivators.

Question 13

___________ is based on including non-managerial employees in the management process.

Accepted Answer

Participative management is based on including non-managerial employees in the management process. This involves allowing employees to have a say in decision-making, problem-solving, and goal-setting. By involving employees in the management process, organizations can increase employee engagement, motivation, and job satisfaction. It can also lead to better decision-making and problem-solving, as well as greater innovation and creativity.

Question 14

Civilianization involves replacing sworn police officers with civilian employees whenever possible.

Accepted Answer

Civilianization is the process of replacing sworn police officers with civilian employees for certain administrative roles or duties, such as dispatchers, community service officers, or crime analysts, to free up sworn officers for more critical tasks.

Question 15

Management by objectives is based more on worker self-control than on control imposed by management.

Accepted Answer

Management by objectives involves setting goals and objectives in collaboration between managers and employees, and then giving employees the autonomy to achieve those objectives. This encourages worker self-control and accountability, rather than relying on strict control and micromanagement from management.

Quiz 9: Developing the Police Organization