What, According to Labeling Theorists, Facilitates the Formation of Deviant

What, according to labeling theorists, facilitates the formation of deviant subcultures among individuals who have been labeled as deviant?

A) an orientation toward collective action and resistance
B) common interests and goals
C) practical concerns, like the need to have someone to buy drugs from
D) self-hatred and a lack of motivation
E) rejection by nonlabeled individuals