In Pager and Western's (2012) field experiments on racial bias in hiring, the African American and Latino individuals who applied for jobs were aware of the fact that they were being discriminated against.

Question

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Pager and Western's (2012) field experiments on racial bias in hiring involved sending matched pairs of individuals (differing only by race) to apply for jobs, but the study does not provide evidence that these individuals were aware they were being discriminated against during the application process. The awareness of discrimination would be difficult to measure directly in such a context.

In Pager and Western's (2012) Field Experiments on Racial Bias