Question 1

Which of the following crimes generally requires the most procedural steps?
A) Homicide
B) Breaking and entering
C) Domestic assault
D) Drunk driving

Accepted Answer

Homicide cases generally require a complex investigation and involve multiple procedural steps such as crime scene investigation, autopsy, gathering witness statements, and forensic analysis. The investigation could take weeks, months or even longer before charges are laid against a suspect.

Question 2

What term is used for law derived from England?
A) Case law
B) Civil law
C) Common law
D) Napoleonic law

Accepted Answer

Common law refers to the legal system that originated in England and was later adopted by many other countries including the United States, Canada, and Australia. It is based on the precedent-setting decisions of judges in past cases rather than on written codes or statutes.

Question 3

What do the six principles of formal criminal justice indicate about the amount of discretion held by authorities?
A) Authorities have a good deal of discretion at most stages of the process
B) Authorities have very little discretion at most stages of the process
C) Authorities only have discretion before a trial begins
D) None of the above

Accepted Answer

The six principles of formal criminal justice, which include presumption of innocence, burden of proof, proof beyond a reasonable doubt, right to counsel, right to a fair and impartial trial, and due process, indicate that authorities have a good deal of discretion at most stages of the process. However, this discretion is constrained by these principles and other legal protections for defendants.

Question 4

What is the expectation inherent in procedural justice?
A) Special treatment for the powerful
B) Fair treatment
C) Biased judges
D) Guilty until proven innocent

Accepted Answer

The expectation inherent in procedural justice is fair treatment, which means that individuals are treated with respect, fairness, and impartiality throughout the legal process. This includes fair and unbiased judges, the presumption of innocence, and equal access to legal resources regardless of one's social or economic status. Procedural justice seeks to ensure that the legal process is perceived as legitimate and trustworthy by all parties involved.

Question 5

Describe decision that justice officials can make before a trial starts.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

What is the concept of law known as de minimis?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

How does situational crime prevention operate?
A) Removing disorder from communities
B) Denying the offender easy crime opportunities
C) Encouraging officers to get to know community residents personally
D) Cracking down on all crimes

Accepted Answer

Situational crime prevention involves removing or reducing opportunities for crime, such as strengthening security measures or increasing surveillance. It does not necessarily involve removing disorder or cracking down on all crimes, nor does it require officers to know community residents personally. Therefore, the best choice is B, denying the offender easy crime opportunities.

Question 8

Why are arrests and punishment ineffective for controlling drunk driving?
A) Drunk driving is not a crime in most states
B) Offenders are usually too drunk to remember being arrested
C) Drinking is embedded in social life and difficult to control
D) They are actually very effective

Accepted Answer

Drinking has become a normalized part of social life, making it difficult to control. Additionally, those who choose to drive drunk may not necessarily consider the consequences of their actions in the moment. Therefore, arrests and punishment may not be enough to change behavior.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a part of the situational crime prevention strategy?
A) Increase the risks
B) Increase the effort
C) Ensure more arrests
D) Reduce the rewards

Accepted Answer

Ensuring more arrests is not a part of the situational crime prevention strategy. The other three options are part of the strategy. Increasing the risks, increasing the effort, and reducing the rewards are all measures that can be taken to prevent crime in specific situations.

Question 10

Which of the following is a situational prevention method to reduce alcohol consumption in and around college campuses?
A) Hold party hosts liable for misbehavior
B) Restrict days and hours of sale
C) Use quota for drinks per person
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All three options are situational prevention methods that can be used to reduce alcohol consumption in and around college campuses. Holding party hosts liable for misbehavior can discourage them from allowing excessive drinking at their events. Restricting days and hours of sale can limit the availability of alcohol, which can reduce alcohol-related incidents. Using a quota for drinks per person can limit the amount of alcohol an individual can consume in a given time period, which can help prevent alcohol poisoning and other negative consequences of excessive drinking.

Question 11

Describe an example of a situational crime prevention effort.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

What is the displacement hypothesis? Is there evidence to support it?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

What question do social control theorists ask?
A) Why do criminals commit crime?
B) Why doesn't everybody commit crime?
C) Why is crime concentrated in certain neighborhoods?
D) How does strain lead to crime?

Accepted Answer

Social control theorists ask why certain individuals do not commit crime despite having the opportunity or motivation to do so. They focus on the factors that prevent individuals from breaking the law, such as bonds to family, friends, and institutions.

Question 14

Which type of attachment can strengthen the social bond?
A) Attachment to parents
B) Attachment to teachers
C) Attachment to nondeviant peers
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Attachment to parents, teachers, and nondeviant peers can all strengthen the social bond. Research has shown that adolescents who have secure attachments to parents and positive relationships with teachers and peers are more likely to have positive social and emotional outcomes, including higher self-esteem, better mental health, and fewer behavior problems.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an element of routine activity theory?
A) Offender
B) Target
C) Deviant values
D) Absence of a guardian

Accepted Answer

Routine activity theory focuses on three elements: the presence of a motivated offender, the presence of a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian. Deviant values are not considered an element of this theory.

Question 16

According to the crime triangle, over what do managers provide supervision?
A) Places
B) Targets
C) Offenders
D) Beliefs

Accepted Answer

The crime triangle is a model that identifies three key elements that must be present for a crime to occur: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of capable guardianship. Managers can provide supervision over places to prevent crimes by ensuring that there are capable guardians present to deter motivated offenders and protect potential targets.

Question 17

What is the relationship between the social bond and crime?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

According to social control theory, why might Japanese teenagers be less involved in crime than American teenagers?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

What was Cesare Lombroso's contribution to criminology?
A) Social bonding
B) The born criminal
C) Self-control
D) Social disorganization

Accepted Answer

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A)...

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true about psychopaths?
A) They cannot establish relationships
B) They are egocentric and manipulative
C) They are rarely associated with crime
D) They lack empathy

Accepted Answer

Psychopaths are often associated with criminal behavior and have a disregard for social norms and rules.

Quiz 2: Four Types of Crime Control

Which of the following crimes generally requires the most procedural steps?

What term is used for law derived from England?

What do the six principles of formal criminal justice indicate about the amount of discretion held by authorities?

What is the expectation inherent in procedural justice?

Describe decision that justice officials can make before a trial starts.

What is the concept of law known as de minimis?

How does situational crime prevention operate?

Why are arrests and punishment ineffective for controlling drunk driving?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the situational crime prevention strategy?

Which of the following is a situational prevention method to reduce alcohol consumption in and around college campuses?

Describe an example of a situational crime prevention effort.

What is the displacement hypothesis? Is there evidence to support it?

What question do social control theorists ask?

Which type of attachment can strengthen the social bond?

Which of the following is NOT an element of routine activity theory?

According to the crime triangle, over what do managers provide supervision?

What is the relationship between the social bond and crime?

According to social control theory, why might Japanese teenagers be less involved in crime than American teenagers?

What was Cesare Lombroso's contribution to criminology?

Which of the following is NOT true about psychopaths?