Question 1

From the 1930s to the 1960s, homosexuals were banned from ______________.

Accepted Answer

Homosexuals were banned from working for the federal government and volunteering for the Boy Scouts of America in the 20th century. They also faced discrimination in public establishments, including social exclusion and discrimination. Therefore, the correct choice is D, all of the above.

Question 2

In which of the following cultures has evidence been found that homosexual relations existed?

Accepted Answer

Evidence of homosexual relations has been found in various cultures throughout history, including Greek and Roman, Native American, and Egyptian cultures. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it includes all of the cultures listed.

Question 3

The ______________ was the first gay rights organization in America.

Accepted Answer

The Society for Human Rights, founded in 1924 in Chicago, is recognized as the first American gay rights organization.

Question 4

Kinsey (1948) argued that homosexual behavior is not limited to individuals who self-identified as gay and that _______ of the male population has engaged in homosexual activities at least once.

Accepted Answer

Kinsey's research found that one-third (33%) of the male population had engaged in homosexual activity at least once.

Question 5

The Senate report entitled, "Employment of Homosexuals and Other Sex Perverts in Government" was published during the height of ___________.

Accepted Answer

The Senate report was published in 1950 during the Red Scare, a period of intense anti-communist hysteria and fear-mongering in the United States. The report sought to root out individuals perceived as "deviant" or "immoral" and reflected the broader climate of social conservatism and prejudice towards marginalized groups during this era.

Question 6

The Supreme Court case of _________ was the first landmark victory for gay rights.

Accepted Answer

One, Incorporated v. Olesen was the first Supreme Court case that marked a victory for gay rights, as it ruled in favor of a gay magazine, "ONE: The Homosexual Magazine," which had been previously declared obscene, thereby affirming the magazine's right to publish and distribute. This 1958 decision was a significant early victory for gay rights, predating other landmark cases.

Question 7

Which of the following is true in regards to the heterosexual community during the 1960s?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements A, B, and C are true in regards to the heterosexual community during the 1960s. Divorce rates were rising due to changing cultural attitudes towards marriage and increasing economic independence of women. People were living together without getting married, known as "cohabitation," which was previously frowned upon. Pre-marital sex became more common as contraception became more widely available and culturally accepted.

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the first states to repeal sodomy laws?

Accepted Answer

Kentucky was not one of the first states to repeal sodomy laws. Illinois was the first state to do so in 1961, followed by Connecticut in 1971, and Colorado in 1972. Kentucky, on the other hand, did not repeal its sodomy laws during the initial wave of repeals in the United States.

Question 9

In the case of __________, the Supreme Court ruled that while the Due Process Clause's right to privacy protects intimate marital and familial relations, this does not extend to gay sodomy.

Accepted Answer

In 1986, the Supreme Court ruled in Bowers v. Hardwick that the Due Process Clause's right to privacy does not include homosexual sodomy, which allowed states to continue criminalizing same-sex sexual activity. This decision was later overturned in Lawrence v. Texas (2003), which held that such laws violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 10

Which United States president became the first president to appoint openly gay individuals to his administration?

Accepted Answer

President Clinton became the first president to appoint openly gay individuals to his administration, including James Hormel as ambassador to Luxembourg in 1999.

Question 11

"Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue" (DADT) brought about which of the following changes?

Accepted Answer

"Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue" (DADT) policy prevented military personnel from asking directly about an individual's sexual orientation (A) and prohibited the military from discharging members just for being gay (C). However, engaging in sexual conduct with a member of the same sex could still be grounds for discharge (B). Therefore, the best choice is D - both A and C.

Question 12

Which of the following was a result of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)?

Accepted Answer

The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) altered the federal definition of marriage to be the union of one man and one woman, meaning that the federal government did not recognize same-sex marriages.

Question 13

In the case of ____________, the Court ruled that same-sex couples should not be denied the benefits of marriage.

Accepted Answer

Baker v. Vermont was a landmark case in which the Vermont Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples are entitled to the same benefits and protections as married opposite-sex couples, leading to the establishment of civil unions.

Question 14

In the case of ___________, the Court ruled that couples who are legally married in states that recognize same-sex marriage must receive the same federal benefits that heterosexual couples receive.

Accepted Answer

The case that fits the description given is U.S. v. Windsor. In this case in 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defined marriage as between one man and one woman for federal purposes, was unconstitutional. The ruling meant that legally married same-sex couples were entitled to the same federal benefits and protections afforded to heterosexual couples. Option A, B, and D are not relevant to the description of the case given.

Question 15

Historically, hate crimes were prosecuted under a number of different laws including:

Accepted Answer

All three laws listed were historically used to prosecute hate crimes. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted all citizens the same rights as white citizens and allowed for criminal and civil lawsuits to be filed against those who violated the law. The Enforcement Act of 1870 allowed federal authorities to intervene in cases where states failed to protect citizens from violence and intimidation. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 prohibited discrimination in public places and provided for criminal penalties for those who interfered with individuals exercising their civil rights.

Question 16

Supporters of hate crime statutes would make which of the following arguments?

Accepted Answer

Hate crime statutes are often supported because they address the issue that the populations targeted by hate crimes have historically been underserved or marginalized by the criminal justice system. Enhanced penalties for hate crimes are seen as a way to provide additional protection and acknowledgment of the unique harm these crimes cause to both the individual victims and the broader communities they target.

Question 17

The primary argument made against hate crime statutes is that they were a violation of the ____________.

Accepted Answer

Hate crime statutes could be argued to be a violation of the First Amendment, which protects free speech and expression. Some argue that hate crime laws punish not just criminal actions, but also thoughts and beliefs, which could infringe upon First Amendment rights.

Question 18

In the case of ___________, the Court ruled that while expressions of hate are protected by the Bill of Rights, actions of hate are not.

Accepted Answer

Wisconsin v. Mitchell is the case where the Supreme Court ruled that while expressions of hate are protected under the First Amendment, actions motivated by hate, such as crimes, can lead to enhanced penalties.

Question 19

The _____________ determined that the Federal Bureau of Investigation should issue a summary of data collected by the U.S. Department of Justice that "manifest prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity" annually.

Accepted Answer

The Hate Crimes Statistic Act mandated that the FBI must annually issue a summary of data collected by the U.S. Department of Justice that "manifest prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity." This act was passed in 1990 to help address the issue of hate crimes and to provide data to help with prevention and prosecution.

Question 20

The _____________ included a provision for sentencing enhancements "for offenses that the finders of fact at trial determine, beyond a reasonable doubt, are hate crimes."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____________ included a provision for sentencing...

Quiz 10: Sexuality and Social Justice