Question 1

Places in England where people were imprisoned until they could pay obligations they owed were called:

Accepted Answer

Debtors' prisons were specifically designed to hold those who could not pay their debts or obligations, while penitentiaries were meant for those who had committed crimes. Jails and workhouses were also used to hold debtors, but debtors' prisons were a distinct institution.

Question 2

The custody supervision of convicted offenders defines:

Accepted Answer

The term "custody supervision" is strongly associated with the corrections system, which aims to correct and rehabilitate convicted offenders. Penal servitude refers to hard labor as part of a sentence, reformation involves changing an individual's behavior, and restitution involves the payment of compensation to victims.

Question 3

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, in 2017 there were __________ people under some form of correctional supervision.

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, in 2017 there were 6.8 million people under some form of correctional supervision, which includes probation, parole, and incarceration in prison or jail.

Question 4

The extensive use of correctional custody in the United States has been called:

Accepted Answer

Mass incarceration refers to the practice of incarcerating a large portion of a population, in this case, the United States' population, often with a focus on punishment rather than rehabilitation. The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world, and there has been criticism that this approach to correctional custody does not effectively reduce crime or lead to meaningful rehabilitation for inmates.

Question 5

Most of the people under correctional supervision in the United States are on:

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, as of 2018, 3.6 million people were on probation, while 615,000 were on parole. This means that the majority of people under correctional supervision in the United States are on probation. House arrest and work release are types of probationary sentences, so they are included in this statistic.

Question 6

Community-based half-way house placement would be an example of:

Accepted Answer

Community-based half-way house placement is an example of an intermediate sanction, which is a type of punishment that falls between traditional incarceration and probation. It allows offenders to reside in a structured environment within the community while still being supervised and held accountable for their actions. Restitution involves paying back the victim or the community for harm done, retribution is punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act, and institutional programming refers to rehabilitation programs provided within correctional institutions.

Question 7

Based on the numbers reported in the book, the state of __________ has the highest per capita prison population in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Georgia has the highest per capita prison population in the United States.

Question 8

The lex talionis is associated with the correctional philosophy of:

Accepted Answer

The lex talionis, meaning "law of retaliation," is based on the principle of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" and is associated with the correctional philosophy of retribution.

Question 9

Punishment designed to prevent future offending by individuals or groups defines:

Accepted Answer

Punishment designed to prevent future offending by individuals or groups defines deterrence. Deterrence is a strategy in which the threat of punishment is used to prevent people from committing crimes. It seeks to prevent future crime by making the punishment harsh enough to outweigh any potential benefits of committing the crime.

Question 10

Locking up career criminals to reduce the amount of crime committed would be an example of what kind of policy?

Accepted Answer

Selective incapacitation involves targeting career criminals and locking them up for longer periods of time in order to reduce their ability to commit further crimes. This policy is based on the idea of incapacitation, which removes offenders from society and prevents them from committing crimes.

Question 11

The dominant correctional philosophy in the United States from the 1950s through the 1970s was:

Accepted Answer

The dominant correctional philosophy in the United States from the 1950s through the 1970s was rehabilitation, which focused on treating and reforming offenders through education, vocational training, and therapy. The belief was that offenders could be rehabilitated and reformed, leading to reduced recidivism rates and ultimately benefiting society as a whole. However, this philosophy fell out of favor in the 1980s with the rise of the tough on crime movement and the emphasis on punishment over rehabilitation.

Question 12

Which of the following focuses on repairing the harm done to victims and the community?

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on repairing the harm done to victims and the community by involving all parties in the justice process and addressing the underlying causes of the offending behavior. Mass incarceration, community corrections, and selective incapacitation are all forms of punishment and do not prioritize repairing harm or addressing the needs of victims and communities.

Question 13

The overrepresentation of people of color in the U.S. justice system is often labeled:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The overrepresentation of people of color in...

Question 14

Specific deterrence assumes that if we punish an individual, we prevent that person from committing future crimes.

Accepted Answer

Specific deterrence is the idea that punishing an individual will effectively deter them from committing future crimes by making them understand the negative consequences of their actions.

Question 15

One example of the policy of selective incapacitation is the use of half-way houses.

Accepted Answer

Selective incapacitation focuses on identifying and incarcerating individuals who are considered to pose a high risk of committing future crimes, rather than using community-based interventions like half-way houses, which aim to reintegrate offenders into society.

Question 16

The research by Robert Martinson and his colleagues has often been interpreted to mean that "nothing works" in corrections.

Accepted Answer

The research by Robert Martinson and his colleagues did suggest that "nothing works" in corrections, although this interpretation has been challenged and debated by other researchers.

Question 17

American Indians represent the minority group with the highest rate of incarceration in the United States.

Accepted Answer

African Americans have the highest rate of incarceration in the United States, not American Indians.

Question 18

The idea that money spent on corrections could be better spent on front-end programs that could prevent future crimes has been called justice reinvestment.

Accepted Answer

Justice reinvestment refers to the concept of redirecting money from corrections to programs that aim to prevent crime before it happens, such as education, job training, and mental health/ substance abuse treatment.

Question 19

In 2018 the average annual cost to imprison an offender in a federal prison facility in the United States was over $100,000.

Accepted Answer

In 2018, the average annual cost to imprison an offender in a federal prison facility in the United States was approximately $36,299.25 according to the Federal Register and data from the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Question 20

Correctional populations in the United States are slowly decreasing.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the total correctional population in the United States has been slowly decreasing since 2008. However, the United States still has one of the highest rates of incarceration in the world.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Corrections