Question 1

A _____ involves collecting data from all members of a population.

Accepted Answer

A census involves collecting data from all members of a population, while a sample only involves collecting data from a subset of the population. A questionnaire is a tool used to gather information, but it does not necessarily involve collecting data from all members of a population. Non-probability and probability samples are methods of selecting a subset of a population, but neither involve collecting data from all members of the population.

Question 2

Calvin has defined the target population of a study to be human resource managers in small manufacturing firms (i.e., under $1 million in sales). He wants to collect data from all members of the target population. Calvin wants to collect a _____.

Accepted Answer

Calvin wants to collect data from all members of the target population, thus he wants to conduct a census.

Question 3

A ______ is a relatively small subset of the population, and it is drawn using either probability or non-probability procedures.

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of the population that is selected using either probability or non-probability procedures. A census refers to data collection from the entire population, while a group or subgroup may refer to any subset of the population without specifying the sampling procedure. A sub-census is not a commonly used term in statistical sampling.

Question 4

Hattie has defined the target population of a study to be marketing managers in large manufacturing firms (i.e., over $100 million in sales). She doesn't want to collect data from all members of the target population, just a subset of them that is representative of the target population. She wants to collect a _____.

Accepted Answer

Hattie wants to collect a sample, which is a subset of the target population that is representative of the larger group. A census would involve collecting data from all members of the target population, which may be too time-consuming or costly. A questionnaire is a tool for collecting data, but it doesn't specify the population or the sample. Non-probability samples are not representative of the target population and may introduce bias. A sub-census is not a commonly used term in research methodology.

Question 5

The sampling design process involves answering all of the following questions EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

All of the other questions listed (A, B, and C) are involved in the sampling design process, but D is not. The size of the population is not necessary for determining the design of the sample, although it is important for determining the precision of the sample results.

Question 6

The group of knowledgeable people about a particular topic is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The group of knowledgeable people about a...

Question 7

Another term for population is _____.

Accepted Answer

Population refers to the entire group of individuals or objects that we want to study or draw conclusions about. Universe is a term that is often used interchangeably with population in the context of statistics. Sample refers to a subset of the population that is selected for study. Unit and element are terms used to refer to individual members of a population or sample. Census refers to a survey that collects data from every member of a population, whereas population refers to the entire group even if a census is not conducted.

Question 8

All of the following are reasons for collecting a sample instead of conducting a complete census EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

The option "there is never any reason to have to conduct a census" is a false statement. There can be situations where a census might be necessary despite its cost and time-consuming nature.

Question 9

A sample is considered to be _____of the population from which it is drawn if it mirrors characteristics of the population thereby minimizing the errors associated with sampling.

Accepted Answer

A sample is said to be representative if it accurately reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn. This minimizes the errors associated with sampling and increases the generalizability of the study findings. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Option B refers to the size of the sample, option C and D refer to sampling techniques, and option E refers to the randomness of the selection process, none of which fully capture the concept of representativeness.

Question 10

A researcher has been commissioned to examine why employee turnover is so high in a company. After determining that most of the turnover is among employees in the Southeast, the researcher defined those employees as the target population. Once the target population has been defined by the researcher, what is the next step in the sampling process?

Accepted Answer

After defining the target population, the next step in the sampling process is to choose the sampling frame, which is a list of all the individuals or elements that make up the target population. This is necessary because it provides a means of identifying and contacting potential participants in the study. Only then can the researcher proceed with implementing the sampling plan, selecting the sampling method, designing the questionnaire, and conducting the interviews.

Question 11

The _____ is the complete group of objects or elements relevant to the research project. They are relevant because they possess the information the research project is designed to collect.

Accepted Answer

The target population is the complete group of objects or elements that possess the information the research project is designed to collect. It is the group that the researcher wants to study and make inferences about. The sample is a subset of the target population that is studied in order to make inferences about the entire population. The sampling frame is a list or other representation of the target population, from which the sample is chosen. The sampling unit is the individual element or object that is selected for the sample. A census is a study of the entire target population, rather than a sample.

Question 12

Elements or objects available for selection during the sampling process are known as the _____. They can be people, households, census tracts, businesses, or any logical unit relevant to the study's objective.

Accepted Answer

Sampling units are the elements or objects available for selection during the sampling process. Sampling frames are lists of these units, while samples are the actual individuals or entities selected from the sampling frame. Respondents and subjects are specific individuals or entities within the sample population who are the targets of the research.

Question 13

A researcher is examining the effect election outcomes have on company stock prices. Companies represent the _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher is examining the effect election...

Question 14

The _____ provides a working definition of the target population. It is a comprehensive list of the elements from which the sample is drawn.

Accepted Answer

A sampling frame provides a list of the elements from which the sample is drawn, which includes a working definition of the target population. The sample refers to the selected group of elements from the sampling frame. Sampling unit refers to the individual elements on the sampling frame, while respondent and subject refer to the individuals or groups surveyed in the sample.

Question 15

The Yellow Pages listing of veterinarians, the telephone directory listing of individuals, a company's internal database listing its employees and/or customers, electronic directories available on the Internet, or a university's registration list are all examples of a _____.

Accepted Answer

A sampling frame is a list of all the elements or individuals from which a sample will be drawn. Examples of sampling frames include directories, databases, registration lists, etc. Therefore, the Yellow Pages listing of veterinarians, the telephone directory listing of individuals, a company's internal database listing its employees and/or customers, electronic directories available on the Internet, or a university's registration list are all examples of a sampling frame.

Question 16

All of the following are ways in which a sampling frame is flawed EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

The other answer choices all describe common flaws in a sampling frame, but C is actually the opposite of a flaw. A sampling frame that includes elements that do not belong to the target population would be flawed, but a sampling frame that does not include all elements of the target population (option C) is simply incomplete - it is not necessarily flawed.

Question 17

What are the two broad categories into which traditional sampling methods can be divided?

Accepted Answer

Traditional sampling methods are broadly divided into probability and nonprobability sampling. Probability sampling involves random selection, allowing for statistical inference about the entire population. Nonprobability sampling does not involve random selection, making it difficult to generalize findings to the broader population.

Question 18

In which type of sampling method are sampling methods selected randomly and the probability of being selected is determined ahead of time by the researchers?

Accepted Answer

Probability sampling involves randomly selecting participants and determining their probability of being selected beforehand, which ensures a representative sample and reduces sampling bias.

Question 19

June wants to collect a sample based on the premise that each element of the target population has a known, but not necessarily equal, probability of being selected. She wants a sample that is representative of the target population. June should use a _____ method to select her sample.

Accepted Answer

A probability sampling method ensures that each member of the population has a known probability of being selected, which helps in creating a representative sample. The other methods, such as non-probability, convenience, judgment, and quota sampling, do not guarantee a representative sample. A census would involve collecting data from the entire population, which may not always be necessary or feasible.

Question 20

Which of the following is a type a probability sampling method?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling method where each member of the sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

Quiz 7: Sampling Approaches and Considerations