Question 1

One requirement of societies is that _____ must be maintained.

Accepted Answer

Social order involves maintaining a stable and structured society with established norms, rules, and laws. Without social order, societies would be prone to chaos and instability. Therefore, social order is a crucial requirement of societies. Norms, bureaucratization, and the common law are important aspects of maintaining social order but they are not the only requirements.

Question 2

Systems of control in simple societies that have no codified laws but rely exclusively on tradition, custom, and informal social controls to achieve social order.

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question matches with primitive legal systems, which are prevalent in simple societies that have no codified laws and rely on informal social controls to maintain order.

Question 3

Weber referred to societies that have no stand-alone government to write and enforce rules as _____ because the rules and leaders were respected and followed as a matter of the culture and traditions.

Accepted Answer

Weber's concept of traditional authority refers to societies that do not have a formal government, but instead rely on cultural and traditional norms to govern behavior. In such societies, leaders are respected and followed based on their perceived legitimacy as a result of their traditional or historical positions or roles. This type of authority is in contrast to rational-legal authority, which is based on written rules and regulations. Therefore, the best choice is A) traditional authority.

Question 4

These are societies that use military dominance to gain economic and political control over other societies.

Accepted Answer

Empires use military power to conquer and control other societies, often for the purpose of exploiting their resources and establishing strategic outposts. Tribes, nation-states, and bureaucracies may also use military force, but their primary goals are typically focused on maintaining or expanding their own territories rather than conquering others.

Question 5

These are systems of control in empires and early societies that had some codified laws and local courts but lacked a clear system of writing and enforcing laws.

Accepted Answer

Transitional legal systems refer to those in societies that are in the process of developing more formalized legal structures, often lacking a clear system of writing and enforcing laws, unlike more established systems.

Question 6

This charter limited the English king's power by making him follow written rules and protected the rights and liberties of people under his rule.

Accepted Answer

The Magna Carta, signed by King John of England in 1215, limited the power of the English king by making him follow written rules and protected the rights and liberties of people under his rule. It is considered one of the earliest examples of a constitution or written agreement between a ruler and his subjects.

Question 7

Systems of _____ allowed ancient rulers to centralize and standardize their rule making and rule enforcing.

Accepted Answer

Systems of formal social control allowed ancient rulers to enforce their laws and rules uniformly across their territories. This helped in consolidating their power and making their rule more efficient. Checks and balances and dual sovereignty were not common in ancient times, and informal social control alone would have been insufficient for rulers to maintain their power.

Question 8

This empire produced a legal system that included the Twelve Tables of Rome and the Justinian Code.

Accepted Answer

The Roman Empire is known for developing a complex legal system, which included the Twelve Tables of Rome (written in 451-450 BCE) and the Justinian Code (created in the 6th century CE). These legal codes served as important precedents for future legal systems in Europe and elsewhere.

Question 9

In 1648, this set of treaties prompted Europe's governments to recognize the legitimacy of other governments and honor the boundaries separating sovereign states.

Accepted Answer

The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe and established the principle of state sovereignty. The treaties recognized the political independence and territorial integrity of each state, and granted rulers the right to decide the religion of their subjects. This set the stage for the modern concept of nation-states and the system of international relations based on respect for territorial sovereignty.

Question 10

This is a system for reviewing and applying laws.

Accepted Answer

An adjudication system is a process for resolving legal disputes through a formal judgment or decision. It involves the application of laws and the interpretation of legal codes by a judge or panel of judges. This includes both criminal and civil cases.

Question 11

These are strategies that involve having someone violate a law, be convicted in a trial, and then appeal the case on the grounds that the law is unconstitutional.

Accepted Answer

Test cases involve intentionally violating a law in order to challenge the constitutionality of the law. The individual who violates the law is typically willing to be convicted in order to bring the case to court and appeal it. This strategy can be used in various legal contexts, including criminal cases. However, the key aspect of a test case is the intentional violation of the law with the goal of challenging its constitutionality, which distinguishes it from a typical criminal case. Experimental cases and civil cases do not necessarily involve violating a law and appealing on the grounds of unconstitutionality.

Question 12

What is law that emanates from judicial rulings?

Accepted Answer

Common law is law that emanates from judicial rulings. It is a body of law developed over time by judges through decisions in cases as opposed to laws passed by legislatures.

Question 13

This is law based on codes written by governing bodies.

Accepted Answer

Civil law is based on codes and laws written and enacted by legislative bodies, distinguishing it from common law, which is based on judicial decisions and precedent.

Question 14

This is law that is derived from the Koran.

Accepted Answer

Shari'a law is derived from the Koran and is the Islamic legal system based on the teachings of the Koran and the Hadith.

Question 15

This part of the First Amendment prohibits the government from favoring or endorsing one religion over another.

Accepted Answer

The establishment clause prohibits the government from establishing an official religion or giving preferential treatment to one religion over another. It ensures the separation of church and state and protects religious freedom.

Question 16

The roots of the U.S. legal system and courts lie within _____ law and the ideals of _____.

Accepted Answer

The U.S. legal system and courts were heavily influenced by English common law, which developed through judicial decisions and tradition over centuries. Additionally, the Enlightenment ideals of reason, natural rights, and democracy were influential in the formation of the U.S. legal system, particularly in the writing of the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights. Therefore, the best choice is C: English law and the Enlightenment.

Question 17

Prior to independence from Britain, each North American colony had a(n) _____ court system.

Accepted Answer

Each North American colony had its own court system, known as a colonial court system, prior to independence from Britain.

Question 18

During the American Revolutionary War, the 13 former colonies ratified this document to unify them.

Accepted Answer

The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union were ratified in 1781 to create a unified government for the 13 former colonies during the American Revolutionary War. The Constitution and Bill of Rights were not ratified until after the war had ended. The Declaration of Independence was a document declaring independence from British rule but did not establish a unified government.

Question 19

This is created to describe the structure of a government and delegate authority among its branches.

Accepted Answer

A constitution is a written document that establishes the framework for a government and lays out the powers and duties of its various branches. It is the foundation upon which the government is built and provides guidelines for delegation of authority among its branches.

Question 20

These courts create the core of the federal judiciary and hear federal criminal trials and appeals.

Accepted Answer

Federal constitutional courts are the courts that create the core of the federal judiciary and hear federal criminal trials and appeals.

Quiz 2: Social Control, Comparative Courts, and the Development of the Us Judicial System