Question 1

Change in Lewin's terms involves three ______.

Accepted Answer

Change in Lewin's terms involves three steps: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.

Question 2

What is the third phase of Lewin's model of change?

Accepted Answer

The third phase of Lewin's model of change is refreezing, where the changes are consolidated, reinforced, and stabilized as the new normal. This is done through ongoing support, training, and reinforcement of the new behaviors and practices.

Question 3

Why do Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis argue that the 'root metaphor of unfreezing/freezing is profoundly problematic'?

Accepted Answer

Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis argue that the 'root metaphor of unfreezing/freezing is profoundly problematic' because organizations are always in motion and constantly evolving, not stagnant or static like ice that can be frozen or unfrozen. Therefore, the unfreezing/freezing metaphor is not an accurate representation of organizational change.

Question 4

What is the third step in Kotter's model of strategic change?

Accepted Answer

The third step in Kotter's model of strategic change is to create a vision for the future. This step follows establishing a sense of urgency and forming a powerful coalition.

Question 5

What is the last step in Kotter's model of strategic change?

Accepted Answer

The last step in Kotter's model of strategic change is to anchor the change in corporate culture. This involves ensuring that the new behavior or strategy becomes part of the organization's values and beliefs, and is embraced by employees at all levels. This helps to sustain the change over the long term and prevent a return to old ways of working.

Question 6

Dunphy and Stace identify which dimension as crucial to change?

Accepted Answer

Dunphy and Stace identify the scale of change as crucial to change. This means that the extent or magnitude of the change is an important factor to consider.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a type of change in Dunphy and Stace's framework identify?

Accepted Answer

Dunphy and Stace's framework identifies three types of change: participative evolution, charismatic transformation, and dictatorial transformation. "Guided evolution" is not part of their framework.

Question 8

Where an organization has little time available to implement a radical transformation that has little or no support amongst affected stakeholders, what kind of change approach do Dunphy and Stace suggest would work best?

Accepted Answer

Dunphy and Stace suggest that a dictatorial approach would work best in situations where there is little time available to implement a radical transformation that has little or no support amongst affected stakeholders. This approach involves strong leadership and decision-making power being concentrated at the top, which allows for quick and decisive action to be taken to implement the changes needed. However, this approach should only be used in extreme circumstances and should not be the preferred method for change management.

Question 9

Sensegiving refers to the process through which strategists

Accepted Answer

Sensegiving involves strategists attempting to influence how others understand and interpret information, in order to guide them towards a preferred version of reality. It is a process of shaping the sensemaking of others.

Question 10

Rouleau and Balogun argue that middle managers undertake ______ and ______ during periods of strategic change.

Accepted Answer

Rouleau and Balogun argue that middle managers undertake scene setting and performing the conversation during periods of strategic change, which involves creating a shared understanding of strategy among various stakeholders and conveying strategic messages to employees. Option A and B are incorrect as they involve scene stealing and dominating the conversation or scene building without performing the necessary conversations. Option D is partially correct but misses the essential aspect of performing the conversation.

Question 11

Sense-making perspectives consider organizations to be ______ systems.

Accepted Answer

Sense-making perspectives view organizations as interpretative systems, meaning they create and interpret meaning through communication and social interaction among individuals and groups within the organization. This perspective emphasizes the subjective nature of organizational reality and the importance of understanding how individuals interpret and make sense of their experiences within the organization. It is different from a focus on information and data systems, which prioritize the objective and quantitative aspects of organizational functioning.

Question 12

What strategic problem changed the New York Port Authority's sensemaking about their strategy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What strategic problem changed the New York...

Question 13

Which of the following is the key strategic change skill, according to your textbook?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, storytelling is the key strategic change skill as it helps to communicate the change vision, build support, and inspire action. Planning, data mining, and accounting are important skills but are not necessarily the key skill for strategic change.

Question 14

Which of the following are prevalent metaphors of strategy, according to your textbook?

Accepted Answer

The textbook mentions all of these as prevalent metaphors of strategy: game, engineering, and biological processes.

Question 15

What metaphor of strategy does Cespedes deplore in the Harvard Business Review?

Accepted Answer

Cespedes deplores the metaphor of strategy as warfare in the Harvard Business Review article. He argues that this metaphor romanticizes the idea of a winner takes all mentality, leading to a misplaced focus on defeating competitors rather than creating value for customers.

Question 16

Framing is the process through which people ______ the meaning of an event or experience through the use of symbolic constructs, such as words, images or metaphors.

Accepted Answer

Framing involves socially constructing meaning through the use of symbolic constructs like language, imagery or metaphors.

Question 17

Your textbook states that during strategic change 'politics is ______'.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your textbook states that during strategic change...

Question 18

According to a survey by Badham, the majority of respondents agreed that:

Accepted Answer

The survey found that the majority of respondents agreed that politics can be used to start up and drive useful change initiatives, can be effective in dealing with resistance to change, and can be used to slow down and block useful change initiatives. Therefore, all of these options (A, B, and C) are correct.

Question 19

Your textbook states that during strategic change 'resistance is ______'.

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, resistance is normal during strategic change. This is because change can be unsettling and disruptive, and people may feel uncertain about the implications for themselves or for the organization as a whole. It is therefore important for leaders to anticipate resistance and address it proactively, rather than assuming that it can be avoided altogether.

Question 20

Which TWO of the following are NOT a reason for resistance to change identified by Kotter and Schlesinger (1979)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which TWO of the following are NOT...

Quiz 12: Strategy and Strategic Change