Question 1

Use the following terms to develop a concept map:
brain, sensory neuron, an eye, foot, soccer ball, motor neuron

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Question 2

Following is a table of data collected from one section of an 8 a.m.physiology lab.There were 20 students present, 10 men and 10 women.Information collected from the students included their height, weight, age, gender, and resting pulse rate.In addition, the students were surveyed to see if they smoked cigarettes, considered themselves "regular exercisers," if they had consumed caffeine the morning of the lab, and if they had eaten breakfast that day.A "y" or "n" (yes or no) was recorded to indicate their answers.Each student did "jumping jacks" for 5 minutes and recorded the time required to regain their resting heart rate, which is listed on the table as "recovery time." Finally, each student participated in an exercise designed to measure their reaction time (in milliseconds) in catching an object dropped by a lab partner according to specified criteria.Use this table to answer the following questions.Ignore statistical problems caused by small sample size, and so on.
  
 Table 1.3
  
Figure 1.3
For these questions, the data were separated and analyzed by gender.
-Refer to Table 1.3 and Figure 1.3 (bar graph).
A.Write a hypothesis regarding gender and weight.
B.What is the dependent variable? What is the independent variable?
C.Based on the data in the graph above, what is your conclusion?
D.Why is a bar graph a good choice for presentation of these data? Would another type of chart be as effective?

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Question 3

Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions.
 
-Use Table 1.1 to graph the data appropriately.What can you CONCLUDE based on the new figure?

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The answer of Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the...

Question 4

You are designing a study to assess the effects of a new treatment for hypertension.What ethical considerations would you employ when monitoring your progress?

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Question 5

You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various levels of exercise influence heart rate.Explain why only 18-year-old males were used as subjects.

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Question 6

Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions.
 
-List all of the errors in Figure 1.1.

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The answer of Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the...

Question 7

Why is it necessary to label the axes of a graph?

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Question 8

Why is it necessary to space grid marks on a graph proportionally to the quantity measured (example: each square represents one centimeter)?

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Question 9

Explain why the prefix homeo- is used in the term homeostasis.Why do some physiologists prefer the term homeodynamics over homeostasis?

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Question 10

Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions.
 
-What is the reason for using a line graph to express the results of this study?

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The answer of Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the...

Question 11

What is a hypothesis? What are the steps involved in following the scientific method? How does one distinguish the dependent variable from the independent variable in an experiment? How are each of these represented on a graph?

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Question 12

Provide an example of a control system.Be sure to include the three main components: an input signal, a controller, and an output signal.

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Question 13

High cholesterol levels have been shown to be a contributing factor to heart disease and death due to cardiovascular disease for many decades.In the 1970s, scientists used this information to develop a hypothesis that giving a medicine to reduce blood cholesterol levels could reduce the chances of developing cardiovascular disease or dying from cardiovascular disease.They tested a group of people living in a town called Framingham, Massachusetts.This study became known as the Framingham Study, and it is very well known because it did not support the hypothesis that giving cholesterol-lowering medications would reduce the risk of developing or dying from cardiovascular disease.Does this mean that high cholesterol is not a risk factor for heart disease? What does this demonstrate about the scientific process, especially as it pertains to human studies? You can find a copy of the study online and read it, if necessary.

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Question 14

Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions.
 
-Summarize the data shown in Figure 1.2.

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The answer of Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the...

Question 15

Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions.
 
-Referring to Figure 1.2, at approximately what age do men begin to show higher systolic blood pressures than women? At what age does this trend reverse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the...

Question 16

Write a teleological explanation for why heart rate increases during exercise.Now write a mechanistic explanation for the same phenomenon.

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Question 17

Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions.
 
-Referring to Table 1.2, what general trend in systolic blood pressures is seen as both men and women increase in age?

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The answer of Table 1.1
  
Figure 1.1 
Use the...

Question 18

You are designing a study to assess the effects of a new drug treatment for hypertension.In your study of this drug's efficacy in treating hypertension, your subjects are white males, ages 40 to 60 years.Is your study applicable to all people? Explain.

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Question 19

You are doing an experiment to determine if caffeine consumption affects reaction time.
A.Which is the dependent variable?
B.Which is the independent variable?
C.Briefly describe some ways you might manipulate the independent variable.
D.Name three stimuli you could use, and how you might measure reaction time for each.
E.Write an appropriate hypothesis for this study.
F.You compute the following average values from your experiment.What would be a logical conclusion for these data?
Average caffeine consumer's reaction time: 400 ms
Average noncaffeine consumer's reaction time: 650 ms
G.Sketch a simple graph to convey these results to your classmates.What kind of graph did you choose? Why? Which variable did you plot on the x-axis? Which one did you plot on the y-axis? Why?
H.Do the results of this experiment support the hypothesis you chose?

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Question 20

Explain why animals are used in research.Are there any limitations to the application of animal data to human physiology? Could these limitations be addressed using cell or tissue culture, or computer simulations?

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Quiz 1: Introduction to Physiology

Use the following terms to develop a concept map: brain, sensory neuron, an eye, foot, soccer ball, motor neuron

Table 1.1 Figure 1.1 Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions. -Use Table 1.1 to graph the data appropriately.What can you CONCLUDE based on the new figure?

You are designing a study to assess the effects of a new treatment for hypertension.What ethical considerations would you employ when monitoring your progress?

You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various levels of exercise influence heart rate.Explain why only 18-year-old males were used as subjects.

Table 1.1 Figure 1.1 Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions. -List all of the errors in Figure 1.1.

Why is it necessary to label the axes of a graph?

Why is it necessary to space grid marks on a graph proportionally to the quantity measured (example: each square represents one centimeter)?

Explain why the prefix homeo- is used in the term homeostasis.Why do some physiologists prefer the term homeodynamics over homeostasis?

Table 1.1 Figure 1.1 Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions. -What is the reason for using a line graph to express the results of this study?

What is a hypothesis? What are the steps involved in following the scientific method? How does one distinguish the dependent variable from the independent variable in an experiment? How are each of these represented on a graph?

Provide an example of a control system.Be sure to include the three main components: an input signal, a controller, and an output signal.

Table 1.1 Figure 1.1 Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions. -Summarize the data shown in Figure 1.2.

Table 1.1 Figure 1.1 Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions. -Referring to Figure 1.2, at approximately what age do men begin to show higher systolic blood pressures than women? At what age does this trend reverse?

Write a teleological explanation for why heart rate increases during exercise.Now write a mechanistic explanation for the same phenomenon.

Table 1.1 Figure 1.1 Use the table and graph below to answer the following questions. -Referring to Table 1.2, what general trend in systolic blood pressures is seen as both men and women increase in age?

You are designing a study to assess the effects of a new drug treatment for hypertension.In your study of this drug's efficacy in treating hypertension, your subjects are white males, ages 40 to 60 years.Is your study applicable to all people? Explain.

Explain why animals are used in research.Are there any limitations to the application of animal data to human physiology? Could these limitations be addressed using cell or tissue culture, or computer simulations?