Question 1

_________ can be a means of retribution or an effort at deterrence.

Accepted Answer

Forgiveness and reconciliation are not typically viewed as means of retribution or deterrence, leaving punishment as the best answer.

Question 2

Those who deal with conflict resolution generally break justice down into two categories:

Accepted Answer

Retribution refers to punishment for a wrongdoing, while restoration refers to the process of restoring relationships and repairing harm caused by the wrongdoing. This approach acknowledges the harm done and seeks to address it, while also creating an opportunity for healing and growth for all parties involved. Forgiveness and punishment (choice A) can be seen as conflicting approaches, as forgiveness may involve letting go of punishment. Retribution and punishment (choice B) are too similar in their focus on punishment. Forgiveness and restoration (choice D) can be a valid approach, but it may not always be appropriate or feasible in cases where harm has been done.

Question 3

____________ requires the punishment of war criminals and belligerent states.

Accepted Answer

Retributive justice is concerned with punishing the wrongdoer and ensuring that justice is served. This involves punishing war criminals and belligerent states for their actions in order to ensure that the international legal and moral order is preserved. Restorative justice, on the other hand, seeks to repair the harm caused by wrongdoers through reconciliation and restorative practices. Vigilante justice is illegal and involves individuals taking the law into their own hands, while settlement justice refers to the resolution of disputes through negotiation and compromise.

Question 4

__________ focuses on uncovering the truth of the conflict and healing the community.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice is a type of justice that focuses on uncovering the truth of the conflict and healing the community. It emphasizes the needs of the victims, while also taking into account the needs of the offender and the community as a whole. This approach is often seen as an alternative to retributive justice, which focuses more on punishment and deterrence, and can lead to a cycle of violence and revenge. Vigilante justice and settlement justice are not recognized forms of justice, and are often illegal and harmful to the community.

Question 5

Which international institution focuses on retributive justice with regard to war criminals?

Accepted Answer

The International Criminal Court focuses on retributive justice with regard to war criminals. The ICC is a permanent international court established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. It has the jurisdiction to prosecute these crimes when they are committed by individuals within member states or by non-member state parties who commit crimes on the territory of member states.

Question 6

Which theoretical perspective views trade and development issues as opportunities to gain a relative advantage over others and to enhance state power?

Accepted Answer

Realism is a theoretical perspective that views the international system as anarchic and states as the primary actors seeking to maximize their power and security. From this perspective, trade and development issues are seen as opportunities for states to gain a relative advantage over others and enhance their power. The Realist perspective sees international relations as a zero-sum game where one state's gain is another's loss, and competition between states is the norm. Therefore, Realists view economic issues as potential sources of power and security for states, rather than opportunities for cooperation and mutual benefit.

Question 7

Which theoretical perspective sees the issues associated with trade and development as a means to enhance the power of core states at the expense of periphery states?

Accepted Answer

Marxism sees trade and development as a means for core states to exploit and dominate periphery states to enhance their power and control over resources and markets. This perspective emphasizes the role of economic and class relations in shaping international power dynamics.

Question 8

The general ethical debate regarding trade and development focuses on

Accepted Answer

The answer of The general ethical debate regarding trade and...

Question 9

Which theoretical perspective suggests that there is not an ethical debate regarding trade and development because, they argue, capitalism is the natural economic order?

Accepted Answer

Liberalism suggests that capitalism is the natural economic order and therefore there is no ethical debate regarding trade and development. Realism and constructivism do not take a clear stance on this issue. Marxism, on the other hand, suggests that capitalism is inherently exploitative and therefore trade and development must be approached from a critical perspective.

Question 10

The U.S. relationship with Saudi Arabia best illustrates the ethical debate of

Accepted Answer

The U.S. relationship with Saudi Arabia illustrates the ethical debate of competing interests, as the U.S. balances its strategic and economic interests with concerns over human rights and democratic values.

Question 11

China faces a competing interest dilemma because of

Accepted Answer

The answer of China faces a competing interest dilemma because...

Question 12

Which subdiscipline of political science is similar to world politics in that it utilizes the levels of analysis as well as the three major worldviews?

Accepted Answer

Foreign policy is similar to world politics as it involves analyzing international relations using levels of analysis and worldviews to understand state behavior and interactions.

Question 13

Which subdiscipline of political science focuses on states' domestic structures and functions?

Accepted Answer

Comparative politics focuses on the study of different countries' domestic structures and functions, including their political systems, institutions, and policies. It examines similarities and differences between various states in terms of their political, economic, and social arrangements, and it seeks to understand how these factors interact to shape outcomes such as governance, stability, and conflict. By contrast, American politics focuses specifically on the United States, while foreign policy examines states' relations with each other and political theory explores abstract concepts like justice and democracy.

Question 14

Of all the subdisciplines of political science, which has the least in common with world politics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of all the subdisciplines of political science,...

Question 15

Of the theoretical perspectives, which suggests that the future will not be much different from the present because human nature has not changed and the system will probably remain anarchic?

Accepted Answer

Realism suggests that the future will not be much different from the present because human nature has not changed and the system will probably remain anarchic. Realists believe that the international system is characterized by constant competition and conflict between states, and that the pursuit of power and security is the primary driver of state behavior. Therefore, realists do not believe in the possibility of a fundamentally different or more cooperative international system in the future.

Question 16

Of the theoretical perspectives, which argues that the future can be radically different because people's identities and interpretations of the world change?

Accepted Answer

Constructivism argues that the future can be radically different because people's identities and interpretations of the world are constructed, and therefore subject to change. Realism, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of the distribution of power in shaping international relations, while liberalism emphasizes the role of institutions and cooperation. Marxism focuses on the role of economic systems and class struggle in shaping society.

Question 17

What are the criteria for jus in bello?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the criteria for jus in...

Question 18

Briefly explain the difficulty in adhering to a just war theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the difficulty in adhering to...

Question 19

List the four Geneva Conventions and briefly explain what they cover.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the four Geneva Conventions and briefly...

Question 20

Briefly explain the two major debates concerning humanitarian intervention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the two major debates concerning...

Quiz 14: World Politics in Context