Question 1

Air flow in the respiratory system and blood flow in the cardiovascular system have many similarities-name them.How are they different?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Air flow in the respiratory system and...

Question 2

Cindy is taking 14 breaths per minute.Her vital capacity is 3000 mL, her total lung capacity is 4000 mL, and her tidal volume is 450 mL per breath.Calculate the following:
A.Cindy's total pulmonary ventilation (minute volume)
B.Cindy's alveolar ventilation rate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cindy is taking 14 breaths per minute.Her...

Question 3

Sharon "gets the wind knocked out of her" during a skiing accident in which she attempted a jump and landed hard on her feet before tumbling over.She is conscious but breathing is labored, and she complains of pain and shortness of breath.The first aid-trained ski patrolman that comes to her aid determines that Sharon has no broken bones, nor is CNS injury likely.He places tiny tubes at her nostrils that blow air (with higher than normal percentage of oxygen)into her nose then places her on the snowmobile, and takes her to the first aid tent.Why is Sharon's breathing labored? How does the high-oxygen air help her condition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sharon "gets the wind knocked out of...

Question 4

Sherry is not able to produce surfactant.In order to inhale a normal tidal volume, does her intrapleural pressure have to be higher or lower than for a healthy individual? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sherry is not able to produce surfactant.In...

Question 5

Draw three graphs depicting how the following change during normal inspiration and expiration:
A.alveolar pressure
B.intrapleural pressure
C.volume of air moved

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw three graphs depicting how the following...

Question 6

During the winter, Brad sleeps in a dorm room that lacks a humidifier for the heated air.In the mornings he notices that his nose is "stuffy," similar to when he has a cold, but after showering and drinking some water, the stuffiness disappears until the next morning.What might be the cause of Brad's nasal condition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the winter, Brad sleeps in a...

Question 7

With what you have learned about pulmonary ventilation, how would you design an artificial respirator to keep patients with paralyzed respiratory muscles alive? How does artificial respiration by a machine compare to mouth-to-mouth respiration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of With what you have learned about pulmonary...

Question 8

A.Patrick is snorkeling (surface swimming with a tube in his mouth to maintain breathing while his face is in the water).The snorkel tube is 40 cm in length and 1.2 cm in radius.How does this affect Patrick's breathing? Calculate the increase in relative resistance contributed by the snorkel tube.
B.What is dead space and how does that affect snorkeling? Explain your answer, assuming the snorkel tube is a round cylinder and cylinder volume is pr²L.How does the snorkel tube affect alveolar ventilation (assume a ventilation rate of 12 breaths/min, tidal volume of 500 mL, and normal dead space volume of 150 mL)? If normal alveolar ventilation is 4200 mL/min, how must Patrick breathe during snorkeling compared to normal?
C.Patrick loves snorkeling, but wishes he could go a little deeper.He decides to create a longer snorkel tube to try to achieve this desire.He isn't sure how radius figures in, so he makes two tubes of 60 cm length, one with a 1.2 cm radius and the other with a 2 cm radius.What are the relative resistances of these two new tubes? Do you think he will be able to snorkel well with either of these tubes? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A.Patrick is snorkeling (surface swimming with a...

Question 9

Ralph is taking SCUBA diving classes and is confused as to why he should not hold his breath under water while ascending-his instructor told him he must exhale continuously.What would you tell him?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ralph is taking SCUBA diving classes and...

Question 10

What are the functions of pleural fluid?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the functions of pleural fluid?...

Question 11

Summarize the four gas laws.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the four gas laws....

Question 12

You were the top student in your physiology class last semester.For this reason, your professor has asked that you prepare some lectures for her physiology class this semester.Specifically, she would like you to discuss the similarities and differences between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, in terms of pressure gradients and fluid flow.
A.Explain how you will describe the role of the following structures: the pump and the tubes.
B.Explain how you will describe the importance of an open vs.closed system and the relevant differences between liquids and gases.
C.What is fundamentally different about the respiratory pump compared to the cardiac pump, and why does this difference exist?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You were the top student in your...

Question 13

There is a mixture of gases in dry air, with an atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg.Calculate the partial pressure of each gas for the examples below:
A.20.7% oxygen, 78.2% nitrogen, 0.4% carbon dioxide
B.45% oxygen, 41% nitrogen, 3% carbon dioxide, 11% hydrogen
C.79% oxygen, 15% nitrogen, 5% carbon dioxide, 1% argon

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is a mixture of gases in...

Question 14

Draw and label a spirogram showing respiratory activity in a resting person.Draw and label a spirogram in this same person during exercise.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw and label a spirogram showing respiratory...

Question 15

How would a spirometer tracing be different in a person with a collapsed lung? Why? What must occur to restore the respiratory function to normal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would a spirometer tracing be different...

Question 16

Julia is breathing 14 times per minute, with a tidal volume of 520 mL and a dead space of 152 mL.Lyle is breathing 15 times per minute, with a tidal volume of 400 mL and a dead space of 175 mL.Which patient has better alveolar ventilation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julia is breathing 14 times per minute,...

Question 17

A newborn infant is found dead, abandoned by the road.Among the many questions that the police would like to have answers to is whether the infant was born dead or alive.After an autopsy, the medical examiner tells them that the infant was dead at birth.How could the medical examiner determine this?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A newborn infant is found dead, abandoned...

Question 18

A package insert for a medication states that "this medicine is a beta receptor stimulant used to treat symptoms of asthma, emphysema and other breathing conditions.Possible side effects include fast heart rate, nervousness, tremors or nausea." Why would these symptoms be expected?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A package insert for a medication states...

Quiz 17: Mechanics of Breathing