In which type of organization is authority based more on professional norms and standards rather than exclusively on organizational rank?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A professional bureaucracy is an organization in which authority is based primarily on the expertise, knowledge, and skill of professionals, rather than on formal rank or position. In this type of organization, professionals have a great deal of autonomy and decision-making power, and they tend to be guided by their own professional norms and standards, rather than by strictly hierarchical structures or rules. This can be seen in organizations such as hospitals, universities, and law firms, where doctors, professors, and lawyers have a significant degree of authority based on their expertise and professional status.

In Which Type of Organization Is Authority Based More on Professional