Question 1

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the idea of "learned helplessness"?

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a psychological condition where individuals believe they have no control over their situation and thus stop trying to change it, often due to repeated exposure to uncontrollable and negative events. Choice D highlights how isolation and financial dependence can make victims feel powerless and trapped in abusive relationships, embodying the concept of learned helplessness.

Question 2

An officer can only make an arrest if probable cause is absent.

Accepted Answer

An officer can only make an arrest if probable cause is present, not absent. Probable cause is the level of suspicion that a crime has been committed or is about to be committed, based on the facts and circumstances known to the officer at the time. Without probable cause, an officer cannot make an arrest.

Question 3

Which of the following studies was instrumental in establishing policy guidelines for how law enforcement officers should handle calls for service involving intimate partner violence?

Accepted Answer

The Minneapolis Experiment was a pivotal study that helped establish guidelines for how law enforcement should respond to domestic violence calls. This study found that arrest was the most effective response to reduce subsequent incidents of domestic violence. Its findings were influential in changing policies and laws surrounding domestic violence in the United States.

Question 4

According to the notion of "selective enforcement," officers in an arrest situation:

Accepted Answer

Selective enforcement refers to the use of an officer's discretion in determining whether or not to arrest someone for a misdemeanor offense. The officer may choose to issue a warning, make an arrest, or use some other means of handling the situation, depending on the circumstances. This allows officers to prioritize more serious offenses and to use their judgment in determining how best to handle the situation.

Question 5

One legal remedy for dealing with intimate partner violence is to relax the misdemeanor rule and allow law enforcement officers to do what?

Accepted Answer

Law enforcement officers can make a warrantless arrest if they have probable cause, even if they did not witness the incident, to address intimate partner violence effectively.

Question 6

Which of the following violent episodes would NOT be covered under a domestic violence statute?

Accepted Answer

Domestic violence statutes typically only apply to incidents between people in intimate relationships or those who live together. A physical encounter between a landlord and a tenant would not fall under this category. However, if the tenant was a current or former intimate partner of the landlord, it could potentially be considered domestic violence.

Question 7

The Minneapolis Experiment found that the best course of action for police officers to take in order to prevent another episode of intimate partner violence was to do what?

Accepted Answer

The Minneapolis Experiment, a study conducted in the 1980s, found that when police officers arrested the abuser in cases of intimate partner violence, there was a significant decrease in future incidents of violence compared to cases where the abuser was not arrested. Therefore, the best course of action for police officers to prevent another episode of intimate partner violence is to arrest the abuser.

Question 8

"Disinhibition" pertains to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition refers to a loss of inhibition or constraint, often caused by alcohol or drugs. In the context of intimate partner violence, disinhibition can lead to a perpetrator acting out violently against their partner.

Question 9

A pro-arrest policy with regards to intimate partner violence means that violators involved in a domestic disturbance are to be arrested when?

Accepted Answer

A pro-arrest policy with regards to intimate partner violence means that arrests are made whenever probable cause is present and an officer can make the arrest. This is to ensure the safety of the victim and to hold the offender accountable for their actions. However, discretion is still given to the officer in determining if probable cause exists. Option A is not entirely correct because there may be instances where an arrest is not necessary or appropriate. Option C is not correct because reasonable suspicion is not enough to make an arrest. Option D is not correct because the officer's personal feelings should not determine whether an arrest is made. Option E is not correct because misdemeanor offenses of intimate partner violence can also result in an arrest under a pro-arrest policy.

Question 10

The "rule of thumb" for misdemeanors is that a police officer can make a legitimate warrantless arrest only if:

Accepted Answer

The "rule of thumb" for misdemeanors is that a police officer can generally make a legitimate warrantless arrest only if the officer has directly witnessed the offense. This ensures that there is immediate and clear evidence of the misdemeanor, allowing for the arrest to be justified without a warrant.

Question 11

"External validity" refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

External validity refers to the extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized or applied to different populations, settings, and situations beyond the study's original sample or context.

Question 12

What is the result called when an intervention produces greater subsequent offending?

Accepted Answer

When an intervention produces greater subsequent offending, it is known as a criminogenic effect, meaning it actually contributes to criminal behavior. This is the opposite of a deterrent effect, which aims to prevent future offending, or an incapacitation effect, which physically prevents an offender from committing crimes while incarcerated. A latent effect refers to an unintended or unexpected effect of an intervention, and a retributive effect pertains to punishment for past offending rather than preventing future offenses.

Question 13

An official complaint in which the victim outlines the details of the offense and swears under oath that the individual named in the accusation is the offender is known as what?

Accepted Answer

An affidavit is a written statement or declaration made under oath before a notary public or other authorized official. It is commonly used in legal proceedings, including criminal cases, to outline the details of an offense and identify the alleged offender.

Question 14

"Internal validity" refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures the variable it intends to measure and whether the treatment caused the outcome. Choice A refers to external validity, Choice C refers to external opinions, Choice D refers to sample size, and Choice E is not a relevant concept for internal validity.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a "no-drop" policy in terms of prosecuting cases that involve intimate partner violence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes a...

Question 16

Suppose that Max has been arrested and charged with committing a battery on his wife, Minnie. Two days before the trial begins, Max kills Minnie to prevent her from testifying against him. A surveillance tape captures the lethal event and the police arrest Max on homicide charges. When the battery trial begins, Max's lawyer objects on the basis of the Sixth Amendment. In other words, Minnie is unavailable for cross-examination and, therefore, the battery charge should be dismissed. The judge rules against the motion and allows the trial to continue. On what basis did the judge allow the trial to continue without the victim's testimony?

Accepted Answer

The judge allowed the trial to continue on the basis of forfeiture by wrongdoing. This legal principle holds that if a defendant intentionally prevents a witness from testifying, they forfeit their right to confront the witness and object to the use of hearsay evidence regarding that witness's testimony. Therefore, Max's intentional killing of Minnie to prevent her from testifying against him in the battery trial means that the prosecution can introduce her statements as evidence against him.

Question 17

When stalking takes place in conjunction with intimate partner violence, it is most likely to be associated with which portion of the cycle of violence?

Accepted Answer

Stalking in the context of intimate partner violence is most likely to occur after the battered party decides to end the cycle of violence. This is because the perpetrator may attempt to maintain control or exert power over the victim, often not accepting the end of the relationship and resorting to stalking behaviors to monitor, intimidate, or force a reconciliation.

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is NOT necessary for clemency consideration under the "battered woman syndrome"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following conditions is NOT...

Question 19

Suffrage refers to the painful experience of legal wife-beating.

Accepted Answer

Suffrage refers to the right to vote, not domestic violence against wives.

Question 20

According to the NCVS, 85% of victims of intimate partner violence are female.

Accepted Answer

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) reports that 85% of victims of intimate partner violence are female.

Quiz 9: Intimate Partner Violence