To What Does the "Apprendi Rule" Refer

To what does the "Apprendi Rule" refer?

A) Arresting officers are obligated to issue Miranda warnings in every hate crime arrest.
B) Judges are obligated to issue Miranda warnings to every hate crime defendant who appears in court.
C) Any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be decided by the presiding judge using the "preponderance of evidence" standard.
D) Any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury and proved using "beyond a reasonable doubt" standard.
E) Any fact that decreases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury and proved using the "some credible evidence" standard.