Question 1

This pioneer in testing began to gather normative data on the problem-solving abilities of children and to intelligence-test items directly related to daily life.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet is known for his pioneering work in intelligence testing. He began to gather normative data on the problem-solving abilities of children and developed intelligence test items that were directly related to daily life, leading to the creation of the Binet-Simon scale.

Question 2

The term mental tests was coined by

Accepted Answer

James McKeen Cattell was the one who coined the term "mental tests" in his psychological research.

Question 3

_____ was primarily concerned with mental activity, defined as "the acquisition, fixation, retention, organization, and evaluation of experiences and their subsequent utilization in the guidance of conduct."

Accepted Answer

Harvey A. Carr, a prominent figure in the development of functional psychology, focused on mental activities and their role in adapting to the environment. His definition emphasizes the process of how experiences are acquired, retained, and utilized, reflecting his interest in understanding the practical functions of the mind.

Question 4

_____ argued that functionalism had been in existence since Aristotle began to investigate the operations rather than the mere stuff of mental experience.

Accepted Answer

James Rowland Angell argued that functionalism had been in existence since Aristotle, emphasizing the investigation of mental operations over the mere substance of mental experience. This perspective was part of his broader contributions to functional psychology, where he highlighted the importance of understanding the purpose and function of mental processes.

Question 5

The major classic exposition of functionalism was set forth in an article entitled "The Province of Functional Psychology" by

Accepted Answer

James Rowland Angell was a key figure in the development of functionalism, and he set forth the major classic exposition of this perspective in his article "The Province of Functional Psychology."

Question 6

_______ extended many of the concepts of functionalism into the field of education. He argued that the concept of democracy is learned and that democratic ideals cannot be fostered in schools that emphasize rote learning and strict regimentation.

Accepted Answer

John Dewey is known for his contributions to the philosophy of education and for extending many of the concepts of functionalism into this field. He emphasized the importance of learning through doing and believed that democratic ideals are best fostered in educational environments that encourage critical thinking and active participation, rather than rote learning and strict discipline.

Question 7

In his classic article, "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology," John Dewey argued that

Accepted Answer

Dewey criticized the traditional view of the reflex arc for breaking down human action into discrete parts (stimulus, response, etc.), arguing instead for a more holistic approach that views behavior as an integrated whole.

Question 8

"Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." This statement is most consistent with the ideas of

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall is most associated with the phrase "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny," which suggests that the development of an organism (ontogeny) goes through stages resembling the evolutionary history of its species (phylogeny). This concept is linked to Hall's interest in developmental psychology and his belief in recapitulation theory.

Question 9

_____ was one of the first to argue for a children's institute dedicated to extensive research on children.

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall was a pioneering American psychologist and educator. His work is notable for its focus on child development and educational psychology. Hall was indeed one of the first to advocate for the establishment of institutions dedicated to the extensive research on children, making significant contributions to the field of developmental psychology.

Question 10

A radical developmental-evolutionary approach to psychology is more evident in the work of _______ than in the work of any other pioneer psychologist.

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall is known for his pioneering work in developmental psychology and his evolutionary perspective on human development, making him the most evident choice for a radical developmental-evolutionary approach among the listed psychologists.

Question 11

Although highly motivated by Sir Francis Galton to study measurement and to acquire a variety of measurements from many people, the data were not correlated with any meaningful measure and as a result the research career of _____ was destroyed.

Accepted Answer

James McKeen Cattell's research career was significantly impacted by his focus on anthropometric measurements, inspired by Sir Francis Galton. Despite his enthusiasm and effort in collecting a vast amount of data, he was unable to correlate these measurements with any meaningful psychological or intellectual traits, leading to a decline in his research career's prominence.

Question 12

Science, a periodical very important to disciplines such as physics, biology, and chemistry, was edited for almost fifty years by one of the pioneers in psychology. He was

Accepted Answer

James McKeen Cattell was a pioneering psychologist who significantly contributed to the field and edited the journal Science for nearly fifty years, playing a crucial role in its development and influence across various scientific disciplines.

Question 13

_____ influenced psychology through strong leadership and a series of important textbooks including Experimental Psychology, which served as the standard reference in the field for over two decades.

Accepted Answer

Robert Sessions Woodworth influenced psychology through his leadership and his textbook "Experimental Psychology," which was a standard reference in the field for many years.

Question 14

Whereas Cattell attempted to measure intelligence by exploring differences in elementary processes such as reaction times, Alfred Binet looked for differences in

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet focused on measuring intelligence by examining complex cognitive abilities, such as memory and problem-solving skills, rather than basic sensory processes or reaction times.

Question 15

_______ explored gender differences and the consequences of dropping out of school.

Accepted Answer

Helen Wooley conducted research on gender differences and the impact of dropping out of school.

Question 16

Which of the following is associated with the work of Leta Stetter Hollingworth?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is associated with...

Question 17

The person who did the most to dismantle the variability hypothesis was

Accepted Answer

Leta Stetter Hollingworth did the most to dismantle the variability hypothesis, which suggested that men have a wider range of physical and mental development than women, and thus are more likely to be geniuses (or feebleminded). Hollingworth's research and arguments provided significant evidence against this hypothesis, emphasizing that observed differences were not due to biological sex but rather to social and environmental factors.

Question 18

Briefly stated, the so-called variability hypothesis held that in all things

Accepted Answer

The variability hypothesis posits that men exhibit a wider range of physical and mental characteristics than women, leading to the conclusion that men are more variable than women.

Question 19

_____ developed the paired-associate method for studying memory.

Accepted Answer

Mary Whiton Calkins developed the paired-associate method for studying memory, which involves presenting pairs of items (e.g., a word and a number) and later testing recall of one of the items when presented with the other.

Question 20

Although Harvard University refused to grant her a Ph.D. _________ served as the first female president of the American Psychological Association, and she argued that the concept of the self should be a major focus in the work of psychologists.

Accepted Answer

Mary Whiton Calkins, despite being denied a Ph.D. by Harvard, made significant contributions to psychology, including serving as the first female president of the American Psychological Association and emphasizing the importance of the self in psychological research.

Quiz 12: Functionalism