Sally is afraid of clowns. One time she saw a clown and had a panic attack. As a result, Sally will not go to the circus. She has turned down invitations from friends, classmates, and her family . Sally's refusals to visit the circus are being strengthened because avoiding the circus reduces the risk of being anxious. This is an example of

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Sally's behavior of avoiding the circus is being strengthened because it reduces her anxiety, which is an example of negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement increases a behavior by removing or avoiding a negative outcome or stimulus.

Sally Is Afraid of Clowns