Question 1

Which of the following is false regarding specific phobias?

Accepted Answer

The prevalence rate of specific phobias in the general population is significantly lower than 20%, typically estimated to be around 7-9%.

Question 2

According to Ollendick & King (1998), the best treatment for phobic disorders in children involves

Accepted Answer

Ollendick & King (1998) have shown that the best treatment for phobic disorders in children involves participant modeling and reinforced practice, making both A (participant modeling) and C (reinforced practice) correct, hence option D (both A and C) is the correct answer.

Question 3

A researcher asks participants to view pictures of houses, faces, animals, and snakes. One group is presented with houses and faces and a second group is presented with pictures of animals and snakes. Each person is given a mild shock when the target pictures are shown from an array of photographs. One week later, individuals continue to respond with anxiety only to the pictures of snakes and animals. The researcher concludes that he has provided support for the theory of

Accepted Answer

The theory of preparedness suggests that humans are more likely to develop fears or phobias towards certain stimuli that posed historical threats to survival, such as snakes or dangerous animals, compared to neutral objects like houses or faces. The study's findings, where participants showed lasting anxiety responses specifically to pictures of snakes and animals after being conditioned with a mild shock, support this theory by demonstrating that people are more readily conditioned to fear stimuli that have been evolutionarily significant threats.

Question 4

Sally's mother tells her that if she does her homework, she will receive an increase in her allowance. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior (doing homework) is encouraged through the addition of a positive stimulus (increase in allowance).

Question 5

You have a significant fear of dogs. I ask you to list your fears of dogs from the least to most fearful event you can imagine. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a fear hierarchy, a technique often used in cognitive-behavioral therapy to gradually expose a person to their fears in a controlled and stepwise manner, starting from the least fearful to the most fearful scenarios.

Question 6

Sally is afraid of clowns. One time she saw a clown and had a panic attack. As a result, Sally will not go to the circus. She has turned down invitations from friends, classmates, and her family . Sally's refusals to visit the circus are being strengthened because avoiding the circus reduces the risk of being anxious. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Sally's behavior of avoiding the circus is being strengthened because it reduces her anxiety, which is an example of negative reinforcement. Negative reinforcement increases a behavior by removing or avoiding a negative outcome or stimulus.

Question 7

Susy is seven years old and is afraid to leave the house. She fears that something dreadful will happen to her mother when she is away. She has refused to go to school and has nightmares on most nights, so she is afraid to sleep alone. Susy most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Susy's symptoms, including fear of leaving the house due to worry something bad will happen to her mother, refusal to go to school, nightmares, and fear of sleeping alone, are indicative of separation anxiety disorder. This disorder is characterized by excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding school refusal?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true regarding...

Question 9

Carey had SAD as a child. When she gets older, say in her teens, what disorder would you predict that she would be most vulnerable to?

Accepted Answer

Carey had SAD as a child, which is an anxiety disorder. When she gets older, she would be most vulnerable to panic attacks and agoraphobia, which are also anxiety disorders.

Question 10

All of the following are true about the Coping Cat Program, except

Accepted Answer

The Coping Cat Program does not use the acronym SCARED to outline its key points and stages. SCARED is actually an acronym for a scale used to assess symptoms of anxiety disorders in children (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), not a component of the Coping Cat Program itself. The program focuses on cognitive-behavioral techniques to help children deal with anxiety.

Question 11

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is often referred to as

Accepted Answer

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is often referred to as "free floating anxiety" because the anxiety is not tied to specific situations or objects and seems to move from one situation to another, making it pervasive and generalized.

Question 12

In addition to "excessive worry," a diagnosis of GAD in children requires

Accepted Answer

In children, a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) requires excessive worry and at least one somatic symptom, such as restlessness or fatigue.

Question 13

Studies report that initial onset of GAD is most likely between which ages?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies report that initial onset of GAD...

Question 14

Younger and older age of onset of GAD has been associated with which comorbidity?

Accepted Answer

Younger onset of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is associated with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This reflects the tendency for individuals who develop GAD early in life to also experience difficulties with social anxiety and attention regulation.

Question 15

Although different models propose different etiology for GAD, genetics are thought to account for up to ____ of etiology.

Accepted Answer

Genetics are thought to account for approximately 30-40% of the etiology for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), according to studies on heritability and familial aggregation.

Question 16

The neurotransmitter most likely implicated in GAD is

Accepted Answer

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the neurotransmitter most closely associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its role is to reduce neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. In the context of anxiety disorders, including GAD, it is believed that a deficiency or dysfunction in GABA signaling can lead to increased anxiety and mood disorders.

Question 17

Juan's therapist believes that his GAD developed as an outcome of his interpretations of his world as a threatening place. Juan's therapist likely supports which of the following psychological models?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive model is the correct answer because it focuses on how people's thoughts, perceptions, and interpretations of events influence their emotions and behaviors. In the case of Juan, his therapist attributes his Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) to his interpretations of the world as threatening, which aligns with the cognitive model's emphasis on the role of thought processes in psychological disorders.

Question 18

In their study of anxious children, anxious parents, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Cobban, Dadds, & Spence (1998) found that

Accepted Answer

Cobban, Dadds, & Spence (1998) found that children did not benefit from CBT unless their parents were also enrolled in CBT and Parent Anxiety Management (PAM), highlighting the importance of involving parents in the treatment process for anxious children.

Question 19

In their review of evidence?based treatments for childhood disorders, Ollendick and King (2004) found

Accepted Answer

Ollendick and King (2004) found that there were no well-established treatment programs identified for anxiety disorders, other than specific phobia.

Question 20

The Coping Cat Program has been revealed to be an effective way to reduce anxiety in children in

Accepted Answer

The Coping Cat Program has been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety in children across various formats, including individual therapy, group therapy, and family-focused formats, as evidenced by randomized clinical trials.

Quiz 7: Anxiety Disorders With Likely Onset in Childhood