Question 1

William James was a ____ while Wilhelm Wundt was a ____.

Accepted Answer

William James was a functionalist, focusing on how mental activities served as adaptive responses to the environment. Wilhelm Wundt, on the other hand, was a structuralist, emphasizing the basic components of consciousness and the structure of the mind.

Question 2

A scientific explanation always includes

Accepted Answer

A scientific explanation often involves an experiment or observation where changes in the independent variable are used to observe their effect on the dependent variable, thus both are typically included.

Question 3

A pseudo-explanation

Accepted Answer

A pseudo-explanation can indeed fail to specify an independent variable, be circular in its reasoning, and may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, encompassing all the issues listed.

Question 4

Psychology looks to _____ for its explanations.

Accepted Answer

Psychology considers both nature (heredity) and nurture (experience) in its explanations, acknowledging that both genetic and environmental factors play crucial roles in shaping behavior and mental processes.

Question 5

Which of the following parts of the body appear to take up a disproportionately large part of the human motor cortex?

Accepted Answer

The human motor cortex is organized in a way that allocates more space to body parts requiring precise and complex movements, such as the tongue and thumb, making them appear disproportionately large in terms of cortical representation.

Question 6

Which of the following groups in the Tolman and Honzik's (1930) maze study clearly indicated that they had learned?

Accepted Answer

The No Reward until Day 11 group showed a sudden improvement in performance once rewards were introduced, indicating that they had learned the maze during the no-reward trials but did not demonstrate this learning until there was a motivation to do so. The Regularly Rewarded group also showed learning as expected through gradual improvement.

Question 7

Classical conditioning is to ____ as instrumental conditioning is to ____.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is associated with the concept of prediction, where an organism learns to predict one stimulus by the presence of another, while instrumental conditioning (or operant conditioning) is about control, where behaviors are modified based on their consequences.

Question 8

"School of hard knocks" is to ____ as "book learning" is to ____.

Accepted Answer

"School of hard knocks" refers to learning through direct personal experience, while "book learning" refers to acquiring knowledge indirectly through reading and study.

Quiz 1: Science, Psychology, and Adaptive Learning

William James was a while Wilhelm Wundt was a .

A scientific explanation always includes

A pseudo-explanation

Psychology looks to _____ for its explanations.

Which of the following parts of the body appear to take up a disproportionately large part of the human motor cortex?

Which of the following groups in the Tolman and Honzik's (1930) maze study clearly indicated that they had learned?

Classical conditioning is to as instrumental conditioning is to .

"School of hard knocks" is to as "book learning" is to .