Question 1

Instrumental policy learning entails
A)learning about better strategies for making political arguments.
B)learning about the effectiveness of policy tools .
C)an analysis of attitudes towards program goals.
D)learning about how to use computer technology to improve implementation.

Accepted Answer

Instrumental policy learning is focused on understanding the effectiveness and outcomes of different policy tools or interventions, aiming to improve policy design and implementation based on evidence and experience.

Question 2

Political learning entails
A)learning about better strategies for making political arguments.
B)an evaluation of policy tools and techniques.
C)an analysis of attitudes towards program goals.
D)learning about how to use computer technology to improve implementation.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Social policy learning entails
A)learning about better strategies for making political arguments.
B)learning about social causes of problems .
C)an analysis of attitudes towards program goals.
D)learning about how to use computer technology to improve implementation.

Accepted Answer

Social policy learning involves understanding the social causes of problems to develop effective policies.

Question 4

What is the main debate over who learns in notions of organizational learning in the policy process?
A)The idea that people never learn no matter what happens to them.
B)Whether or not we can attribute learning to nonhuman entities, such as organizations.
C)The idea that people cannot learn under conditions of bounded rationality.
D)The idea that experience is an unreliable basis for learning.

Accepted Answer

The main debate centers on whether learning can be attributed to organizations as entities in their own right, beyond the individuals within them. This challenges traditional views that only humans can learn, by suggesting that organizations can also adapt and change based on experiences.

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of Peter May's categories of learning?
A)instrumental policy learning
B)political learning
C)environmental learning
D)social policy learning

Accepted Answer

Peter May's categories of learning include instrumental policy learning, political learning, and social policy learning, but not environmental learning.

Question 6

Ingram and Mann say that all of the following are potential explanations for policy failure except for
A)The impact of changing circumstance.
B)The problem of bounded rationality.
C)Excessive policy demand.
D)Realizable policy expectations.
E)Accurate theory of causation .
F)Choice of effective policy tools.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ingram and Mann say that all of...

Question 7

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three main approaches used to study implementation?
A)bottom-up
B)top-down
C)synthesis of top-down and bottom-up
D)alternative selection

Accepted Answer

The three main approaches used to study implementation are bottom-up, top-down, and a synthesis of top-down and bottom-up. Alternative selection is not considered one of the main approaches for studying implementation.

Question 8

The first era of implementation studies tended to focus on
A)individual case studies.
B)attempts to create more general approaches (top-down, bottom-up) to the study of implementation.
C)attempts to synthesize theories of implementation into theories that encompass the strengths of earlier approaches.
D)the attempt to reconcile implementation studies with the problems studies of agenda setting.

Accepted Answer

The first era of implementation studies primarily focused on individual case studies to understand specific instances of policy implementation.

Question 9

The second era of implementation studies tended to focus on
A)individual case studies.
B)attempts to create more general approaches (top-down, bottom-up) to the study of implementation.
C)attempts to synthesize theories of implementation into theories that encompass the strengths of earlier approaches.
D)the attempt to reconcile implementation studies with the problems studies of agenda setting.

Accepted Answer

The second era of implementation studies focused on developing more general approaches, such as top-down and bottom-up models, to better understand and analyze the implementation process.

Question 10

The third era of implementation studies tended to focus on
A)individual case studies.
B)attempts to create more general approaches (top-down, bottom-up) to the study of implementation.
C)attempts to synthesize theories of implementation into theories that encompass the strengths of earlier approaches.
D)the attempt to reconcile implementation studies with the problems studies of agenda setting.

Accepted Answer

The third era of implementation studies is characterized by efforts to synthesize theories of implementation, aiming to integrate the strengths of earlier approaches and develop more comprehensive frameworks for understanding the implementation process.

Question 11

Our system of multiple levels of government (federalism)
A)makes implementation easier because there are many participants in delivering government services.
B)makes implementation more difficult because policy designers cannot always count on state and local cooperation.
C)makes policy implementation more difficult because there are too many states and local governments.
D)makes implementation easier because state and local governments prefer to fund national or state programs.

Accepted Answer

Federalism can make policy implementation more challenging due to the complexity of coordinating across different levels of government, which may not always be willing or able to cooperate with federal initiatives or policies.

Question 12

Policies without publics are
A)policies that no one wants to see passed.
B)policies that don't get a lot of news media attention.
C)policies developed with relatively little public input or attention.
D)secret policies that governments hide from their people.

Accepted Answer

Policies developed with relatively little public input or attention are referred to as "policies without publics," meaning they are formulated and potentially implemented without significant engagement from or visibility to the general public.

Question 13

The Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA) did all of the following except
A)requiring more stringent searches of airline passengers.
B)"federalizing" airport screening processes.
C)requiring airlines to install anti-missile technology on airplanes.
D)requiring airlines to install more secure doors between the cockpit and the passenger cabin.

Accepted Answer

The Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA) did not require airlines to install anti-missile technology on airplanes. It focused on improving airport security through measures like more stringent passenger searches, federalizing airport screening processes, and requiring more secure cockpit doors.

Question 14

Street-level bureaucrats are
A)people with near total discretion to implement the law as they see fit.
B)people in positions where they directly implement policies by interacting with people with minimal immediate supervision.
C)the lowest-level people in an organization.
D)government officials whose work tends to be solely outdoors.

Accepted Answer

Street-level bureaucrats are individuals who directly implement policies by interacting with citizens and have minimal immediate supervision, such as police officers, teachers, and social workers. They are not necessarily at the lowest level of an organization, nor do they have total discretion to implement the law as they see fit, and their work is not solely outdoors.

Question 15

Does the top-down approach to the study of implementation assume that policy goals are clearly defined? If so, explain what might be some of the problems with that assumption.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does the top-down approach to the study...

Question 16

Why is understanding policy failures just as important, if not more important than understanding policy successes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is understanding policy failures just as...

Question 17

In the textbook, Birkland argues that the "underwear bomber" case tipped the balance in favor of using screening machines that showed a clearer image of a screened passenger's body under his or her own clothes. Do you agree that public sentiment supports the use of such machines? Explain why.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the textbook, Birkland argues that the...

Question 18

Does the failed attempt to bomb Northwest Airlines flight 253 in 2009 reflect policy failure? Or policy success? Make an argument for either position, and explain what your answer means for understanding policy learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Does the failed attempt to bomb Northwest...

Question 19

Policy designers working from the top levels can structure policy designs in such a way as to promote greater compliance and implementation success.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Policy designers working from the top levels...

Question 20

Why do Goggin and his colleagues believe that implementation is as much a matter of negotiation and communication as it is a matter of command?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do Goggin and his colleagues believe...

Quiz 10: Policy Implementation, Failure, and Learning

Instrumental policy learning entails

Political learning entails

Social policy learning entails

What is the main debate over who learns in notions of organizational learning in the policy process?

Which of the following is not one of Peter May's categories of learning?

Ingram and Mann say that all of the following are potential explanations for policy failure except for

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three main approaches used to study implementation?

The first era of implementation studies tended to focus on

The second era of implementation studies tended to focus on

The third era of implementation studies tended to focus on

Our system of multiple levels of government (federalism)

Policies without publics are

The Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA) did all of the following except

Street-level bureaucrats are