Question 1

In comparison to probation, parole clients are generally somewhat more difficult to supervise because they:

Accepted Answer

Parole clients are generally more difficult to supervise because they have been conditioned by being in prison and have been removed from the community for a period of time, which can make their reintegration and supervision more challenging.

Question 2

Even in states that have retained indeterminate sentencing and the traditional model of parole, the nature of parole decision-making is changing as a result of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even in states that have retained indeterminate...

Question 3

A state has adopted determinate sentencing, but quickly finds its prisons becoming crowded. To reduce the number of inmates, the legislature passes provisions for awarding good/gain time credits. An inmate is originally sentenced to 5 years. He accrues 2 years of good/gain time credits. Thus, at end of 3 years, he receives:

Accepted Answer

Mandatory supervised release is typically granted to inmates who have earned good/gain time credits, allowing them to be released from prison before completing their full sentence, under supervision.

Question 4

As a result of moving to the justice model, many states have eliminated:

Accepted Answer

The justice model emphasizes fixed sentences and reduced discretion in parole decisions, leading many states to eliminate discretionary parole.

Question 5

Parole boards historically had authority to decide:

Accepted Answer

Parole boards have the authority to decide both whether an inmate would be granted early release from prison (parole) and whether to revoke parole if conditions are not met. They do not have the authority to require parole for inmates who have served their full sentence, as serving the full sentence concludes the individual's obligation to the penal system under that sentence.

Question 6

The courts have recognized more due process rights during initial parole decision-making than in the parole revocation process.

Accepted Answer

The courts have generally recognized fewer due process rights during initial parole decision-making than in the parole revocation process, as the revocation of parole involves taking away the conditional liberty that a parolee has been granted, necessitating greater procedural protections.

Question 7

The majority of those coming out of prison are being released through a prerelease program.

Accepted Answer

Most individuals coming out of prison are released upon completion of their sentence, rather than through a prerelease program. Prerelease programs, while beneficial, are not the primary method of release for the majority of inmates.

Question 8

Inmates cannot be released early from a correctional institution until they have proof of employment on the outside.

Accepted Answer

Inmates can be released early from a correctional institution based on various factors such as good behavior, parole board decisions, or completion of certain programs, not solely on having proof of employment.

Question 9

Work release involves releasing offenders from the custody of a correctional institution in order to enable them to reside and be employed full-time in the community.

Accepted Answer

Work release programs typically allow offenders to leave the correctional facility temporarily to work but require them to return to the facility when not working, rather than residing full-time in the community.

Question 10

Inmates preparing for parole may be phased into release through gradual reductions in their security classification.

Accepted Answer

Inmates preparing for parole often undergo a process where their security classification is gradually reduced, allowing them to transition through less restrictive environments as they prepare for release, which can include moving to minimum security or pre-release centers.

Question 11

Most parole hearings today allow the inmate to be represented by an attorney and to introduce witnesses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most parole hearings today allow the inmate...

Question 12

An inmate who is denied parole can be reconsidered again at a future date.

Accepted Answer

Parole denial is not permanent; inmates can be reconsidered for parole at future hearings, typically scheduled at regular intervals as determined by parole board guidelines or regulations.

Question 13

The courts have held that parole revocation represents a grievous loss which falls within the due process provisions of the Constitution.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court has held that parole revocation is a significant deprivation of liberty that triggers the protections of the Due Process Clause of the Constitution.

Question 14

As a result of the above-mentioned change in sentencing practices,

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a result of the above-mentioned change...

Question 15

Before prisoners can be granted parole, authorization to release inmates from state prison prior to the full expiration of their sentence must be granted by the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Before prisoners can be granted parole, authorization...

Question 16

In order to implement discretionary parole, it is necessary to have:

Accepted Answer

Indeterminate sentencing is necessary for discretionary parole because it allows parole boards to release prisoners based on their rehabilitation progress and behavior, rather than on a fixed term.

Question 17

Parole is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Parole is a supervised, conditional release from prison, allowing the parolee to serve the remainder of their sentence under supervision in the community rather than in prison, provided they adhere to certain conditions.

Question 18

In the U.S., early release on parole was first introduced at the:

Accepted Answer

Elmira Reformatory in New York was the first to introduce the concept of parole in the United States in the late 19th century, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment and allowing inmates to earn early release through good behavior.

Question 19

The origins of parole can be traced to:

Accepted Answer

Walter Crofton's ticket-of-leave system in Ireland is considered a significant early influence on the development of parole systems.

Question 20

As a result of the Morrisey v. Brewer case, those facing parole revocation have all of the due process rights that they had as a defendant facing their original criminal charges in a court of law.

Accepted Answer

Morrisey v. Brewer established that individuals facing parole revocation are entitled to certain due process rights, such as a preliminary and a final hearing, the right to appear and present evidence, and the right to confront witnesses. However, these rights do not encompass all the due process rights available in a criminal trial, such as the right to a jury trial or the right to counsel at public expense if they cannot afford one.

Quiz 11: Transition From Confinement to Community