Question 1

The nurse is educating a client who is participating in a drug study and describes the median toxicity dose as the dose that will produce toxicity in ________% of a group of clients.
Record your answer rounding to the nearest whole number.

Accepted Answer

The median toxicity dose (TD₅₀) is the dose that will produce a given toxicity in 50% of a group of clients.

Question 2

The nurse checks the margin of safety (MOS) for a drug that will be administered to a client, knowing that the MOS is the amount of drug that is lethal to ________% of animals divided by the amount that produces a therapeutic effect in ________% of animals.
Record your answer rounding to the nearest whole number.

Accepted Answer

The MOS is calculated as the amount of drug that is lethal to 1% of animals (LD₁) divided by the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect in 99% of the animals (ED₉₉).

Question 3

The nurse administered an antihypertensive medication to a client with high blood pressure. The nurse assesses the blood pressure and notices that the blood pressure was reduced after administration of the blood pressure medication. Which pharmacologic response is the client experiencing?
A) The therapeutic index
B) The margin of safety
C) The lethal dose
D) The median effective dose

Accepted Answer

The median effective dose is the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of clients.

Question 4

The nurse has administered a dose of codeine to a client for the management of postoperative pain. The nurse monitors for respiratory depression because ________% of codeine is metabolized and converted to morphine, which can cause respiratory depression in clients.
Record your answer rounding to the nearest whole number.

Accepted Answer

Chemical changes to drugs always result in functional changes. The products of drug metabolism, or metabolites, usually have less pharmacologic activity than the original molecule. On rare occasions a metabolite may have greater activity than the original drug. This is the case for codeine. Although 90% of codeine is changed to inactive metabolites by the liver, 10% is converted to morphine, which has significantly greater ability to relieve severe pain and has the potential to cause respiratory depression in clients.

Question 5

The nurse is teaching a client about the loading dose of antibiotic that will be administered later in the day. The client demonstrates understanding by stating that the medication will reach a therapeutic dose in ________ hour(s) versus the 48 hours that would be required for the routine medication dose.
Record your answer rounding to the nearest whole number.

Accepted Answer

It takes almost five doses (48 hours) before a therapeutic level is reached using a routine dosing schedule. With a loading dose, a therapeutic level is reached within 12 hours.

Question 6

Which is a reason that delayed approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of newer drugs prior to 1990?
A) The FDA was using outdated guidelines.
B) There was not enough money from the drug companies to support the testing.
C) Drug companies identified a handful of drugs necessary for disease outbreaks.
D) The drug approval process was not supported by the larger federal government sector.

Accepted Answer

Delays in the FDA approval process were caused by outdated guidelines, poor communication, and not enough staff to handle the workload.

Question 7

Which statement best describes the difference between a biologic drug and a biosimilar drug?
A) Biologic drugs are medications made by living cells.
B) Biosimilar drugs are medications made by cells lysed by other cells.
C) Biologic drugs are not approved by the FDA.
D) Biosimilar drugs are more expensive than biologics.

Accepted Answer

Biologic drugs are medicines made by living cells, such as bacteria or yeast.

Question 8

Which statements are characteristics of biosimilar drugs?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Biosimilar drugs have comparable effectiveness and safety to FDA-approved biologic products.
Biosimilar drugs are not required to undergo the same rigorous preclinical and clinical testing as their reference products and are less expensive.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Regulations

The nurse is educating a client who is participating in a drug study and describes the median toxicity dose as the dose that will produce toxicity in ________% of a group of clients. Record your answer rounding to the nearest whole number.

The nurse checks the margin of safety (MOS) for a drug that will be administered to a client, knowing that the MOS is the amount of drug that is lethal to % of animals divided by the amount that produces a therapeutic effect in % of animals. Record your answer rounding to the nearest whole number.

Which statements are characteristics of biosimilar drugs? Select all that apply.