Question 1

According to Horney, which of the three interpersonal styles is likely to lead to a successful relationship?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Horney, which of the three...

Question 2

According to Jung, modern psychotherapists often take on the role once provided by

Accepted Answer

According to Jung, the role of the clergy in providing guidance and support has been largely replaced by modern psychotherapists.

Question 3

The neo-Freudian theorist who stimulated the most discussion about religion was

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung is the neo-Freudian theorist who stimulated the most discussion about religion. Jung believed in a collective unconscious, which contained archetypes that reflect common human experiences and patterns of behavior. He argued that religion was an expression of these archetypes and that individuals could achieve psychological growth through spiritual experiences. Jung's views on religion have been influential in the development of transpersonal psychology, which emphasizes the importance of spiritual and mystical experiences in human development.

Question 4

According to Fromm, people who conform to what society deems to be normal behavior are

Accepted Answer

Fromm believed that people who conform to societal norms are likely trying to escape the feeling of powerlessness and insecurity that comes with non-conformity. Conformity is not necessarily indicative of well-adjustment or happiness, and while individuals may struggle with identity crisis, Fromm does not indicate this as a direct result of conformity.

Question 5

Phil was often picked on and teased by his parents and other children when growing up. He soon learned to keep people at a distance, to spend most of his time alone. He continued this pattern as an adult, settling on a bookkeeping job that keeps him working in solitude most of the time. Which theorist might use Phil as an example to support part of his or her theory?

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney's theory emphasized the impact of social and cultural experiences on personality development. Phil's childhood experiences of being picked on and teased may have contributed to his development of the basic anxiety and hostility towards others that Horney believed could lead to a detached personality.

Question 6

According to Erikson, the principal function of the ego is to

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, the core function of the ego is to establish and maintain a sense of identity throughout the various stages of development, while balancing the needs of the individual and society. While the ego may also function to keep unacceptable material out of awareness (A) and guide personality development (C), these functions are secondary to its primary purpose of developing and maintaining a cohesive sense of self.

Question 7

The last stage of personality development described by Erikson typically occurs when in the life cycle?

Accepted Answer

The last stage of personality development described by Erikson is the "Integrity vs. Despair" stage, which typically occurs during late adulthood, starting around age 65.

Question 8

According to Erikson, a person in middle adulthood is most likely to be dealing with which of the following issues?

Accepted Answer

In Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, middle adulthood is characterized by the conflict of Generativity vs. Stagnation, where individuals focus on contributing to the next generation and taking an active role in the lives of young people.

Question 9

Karen Horney made several important early contributions to understanding personality. One significant idea was her view that neurotics are

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney believed that neurotics develop a self-defeating way of interacting with others, which includes either moving toward people (seeking approval and affection excessively), moving against people (being aggressive and dominant), or moving away from people (isolating themselves and avoiding close relationships). These behaviors ultimately trap neurotics in a cycle of anxiety and unhappiness.

Question 10

According to Jung, people in all cultures throughout history have believed in powerful God-like entities because of

Accepted Answer

Jung believed that the belief in powerful God-like entities was due to the universal presence of the God archetype in the collective unconscious of all human beings.

Question 11

Freud introduced the idea of "penis envy" to explain the personality development of young girls. By introducing the concept of "womb envy," Karen Horney was suggesting that

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney introduced the concept of "womb envy" as a counter to Freud's "penis envy," suggesting that men may experience envy towards women's reproductive capabilities, indicating that each gender has attributes that the other admires or envies.

Question 12

Samantha is anxious about socializing with others and she acts so funny toward her peers when they invite her to go out with them that they have stopped asking. Which interaction style does Samantha display, according to Horney?

Accepted Answer

Samantha is displaying the "Moving away from people" interaction style, also known as the "detached" style. This is characterized by a fear of rejection and a tendency to isolate oneself from others to avoid being hurt.

Question 13

Erikson proposed eight stages of personality development through the life span, many more than Freud proposed. In terms of stages, Freud's anal stage of development takes place roughly the same time of life as which of Erikson's stages?

Accepted Answer

Freud's anal stage of development occurs during the second year of life, which corresponds to Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. This stage is also focused on developing a sense of control and independence, which relates to the emphasis on toilet training during Freud's anal stage.

Question 14

According to Karen Horney, a person who becomes extremely dependent on other people

Accepted Answer

According to Karen Horney, individuals who become extremely dependent on other people are using this interpersonal style to avoid feelings of anxiety. This is a coping mechanism that they learned early in life, often due to insecure or unhealthy relationships with primary caregivers. It is not indicative of psychosis or learned as an adult. Additionally, "moving against people" refers to a different interpersonal style in Horney's theory.

Question 15

"God is but an unconscious father figure generated to provide us with feelings of security." Which theorist is most likely to have made this statement?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is known for his theory that religion and the concept of God are projections of human desires and needs, particularly the need for a father figure.

Question 16

Evidence for the collective unconscious given by Carl Jung included

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung believed that the collective unconscious was made up of archetypes that are passed down through generations, which can be seen in folklore, art, mythology, and even psychosis. This evidence supports the idea that certain unconscious patterns and symbols are shared across cultures and across time, indicating the existence of a collective unconscious.

Question 17

A teenage boy drifts from one religion or social cause to another, in an effort to "find himself." According to Erikson, he is probably struggling with which developmental crisis?

Accepted Answer

The adolescent's behavior described indicates a struggle with identity versus role confusion, which is Erikson's fifth developmental crisis that takes place during adolescence. This stage involves forming a sense of self and figuring out one's place and purpose in the world. The adolescent's tendency to drift from one identity or group to another suggests that they have not yet fully formed a cohesive sense of self.

Question 18

Erikson talked about people encountering crises in personality development. Which of the following is correct about his description of a crisis?

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that personality development involves encountering crises or conflicts that must be resolved in order to successfully move on to the next stage of development. How we resolve the crisis influences the direction our personality takes.

Question 19

Which neo-Freudian theorist was the most prolific writer of the lot?

Accepted Answer

Jung was known for his extensive writings, publishing over 20 volumes of his works during his lifetime, making him the most prolific writer among the neo-Freudian theorists. Adler, Horney, and Erikson were also important figures in the field, but did not produce as much written material as Jung.

Question 20

Which of the following statements can be attributed to Jung's view of religion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements can be...

Quiz 5: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment