Question 1

Describe three kinds of parent-child attachment relationships. Contrast with examples of each of the four categories of adult attachment styles. What are the implications for children in each of the three relationships when they are adults?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three kinds of parent-child attachment relationships....

Question 2

Although she is involved in a steady romantic relationship, Jackie has an avoidant attachment style. This week she is stressed about an upcoming medical operation. Studies suggest the stress will cause Jackie to

Accepted Answer

Individuals with avoidant attachment style tend to pull away from their partners during times of stress or distress, as they have learned to avoid emotional intimacy in order to protect themselves. Therefore, it is likely that Jackie will distance herself from her partner instead of seeking comfort.

Question 3

A person who describes his or her relationships with family members as distrustful and emotionally distant most probably has an avoidant style of attachment.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with an avoidant attachment style tend to avoid close emotional connections with others and may feel discomfort with or have mistrust in close relationships, including family relationships.

Question 4

In general, avoidance coping strategies are more effective in helping people with a wide variety of stressors than active strategies.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that, in the long term, active coping strategies (such as problem-solving or seeking social support) are more effective in reducing stress and promoting well-being than avoidance coping strategies (such as denial or disengagement). However, this may depend on the specific stressor and the individual's preferences and resources for coping.

Question 5

A four-category model of adult attachment styles divides people along which two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

The four-category model of adult attachment styles divides people along two dimensions: fear of abandonment and fear of closeness. These dimensions are then used to classify people as having either a secure attachment style or an insecure attachment style (which includes avoidant, ambivalent/preoccupied, and disorganized attachment styles). The model is often used in psychology and relationships research to understand how people form and maintain close relationships.

Question 6

People with which kind of adult attachment style are least likely to fall in love?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with an avoidant attachment style tend to struggle with intimacy and closeness, which can make it difficult for them to fall in love. They often prioritize independence and self-sufficiency over emotional connection with others. Secure individuals are most likely to fall in love, as they are comfortable with both closeness and independence. Anxious-ambivalent individuals may be more prone to falling in love quickly and intensely, but may also struggle with insecurity and fear of rejection. Dependent individuals may be overly reliant on others for their emotional wellbeing, but may also be quite eager to fall in love and form close relationships.

Question 7

An attachment style inventory was completed by couples waiting in an airport, their behavior was then observed until departure. Results from this research showed that

Accepted Answer

The results showed that secure participants showed signs of closeness to their partner while waiting, indicating a strong attachment bond. There was no evidence that avoidant individuals or couples directly expressed anxiety, and it was not mentioned whether most secure participants left the waiting area before their partners departed.

Question 8

One explanation for why aggression leads to more aggression is that it is reinforced by the cathartic release of tension.

Accepted Answer

When someone acts aggressively, they may feel a sense of relief or release of tension. This can reinforce the behavior, making it more likely to occur in the future. However, many experts argue that the catharsis hypothesis, which suggests that aggression can reduce aggression, is not supported by empirical evidence. Instead, it is believed that expressing anger or frustration in non-aggressive ways, such as through communication or physical activity, is more effective in reducing aggression.

Question 9

In terms of the four-category model of adult attachment, preoccupied people

Accepted Answer

Preoccupied people have a negative self-view and tend to doubt their own worthiness of love, but they also tend to see others as trustworthy and idealize romantic relationships. They often crave intimacy but can also be clingy and jealous in relationships.

Question 10

A woman is uncomfortable getting close to others and has difficulty trusting potential romantic partners. She probably has which kind of adult attachment style?

Accepted Answer

The description suggests an avoidant attachment style, as individuals with this style tend to be uncomfortable getting close to others and have difficulty trusting romantic partners. They may appear independent and self-sufficient, but may actually be fearful of intimacy and vulnerability.

Question 11

Individuals who see themselves as unworthy of love is characteristic of which of the following categories of adult attachment?

Accepted Answer

Individuals who see themselves as unworthy of love is a characteristic of the fearful category of adult attachment. Fearful individuals have both high anxiety and high avoidance, meaning that they have a desire for close relationships but also fear rejection and have low self-esteem or negative self-image.

Question 12

Discuss how Freud's original frustration-aggression hypothesis influenced research by behavioral psychologists on the topic. Give evidence that frustration is one cause of aggression. Define displacement and catharsis and specify their roles in aggressive behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how Freud's original frustration-aggression hypothesis influenced...

Question 13

In terms of the four-category model of adult attachment, dismissing people have feelings that they are unworthy while they tend to see others as trustworthy.

Accepted Answer

Dismissing individuals tend to have high self-worth and view themselves as independent and self-sufficient, while they perceive others as unreliable or untrustworthy.

Question 14

Francisco has fallen in love many times, but has difficulty finding long-term happiness in any of his relationships. He desperately wants to find a romantic partner. Francisco probably has which kind of adult attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Francisco's pattern of falling in love often but struggling to find long-term happiness suggests an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. This style is characterized by a strong desire for intimacy but also fear of rejection or abandonment, leading to difficulties in maintaining stable, satisfying relationships.

Question 15

A man worries that his romantic partner does not really love him. He becomes demanding and sometimes overwhelming in his effort to secure his partner's love. The man probably has which kind of attachment style?

Accepted Answer

The man's behavior of being demanding and overwhelming in his effort to secure his partner's love is typical of someone with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style. This attachment style is characterized by a fear of abandonment and a preoccupation with the relationship, often resulting in clingy or needy behavior. A person with a secure attachment style would generally have a positive view of themselves and their partner, trusting in the stability of the relationship. Avoidant attachment style individuals tend to avoid close relationships altogether, and those with a dependent attachment style tend to cling to their partner out of a fear of being alone.

Question 16

State the early version of the distinction between active-role and avoidant coping strategies. Give some examples of a person's response to stress from each end of the dimension. Distinguish further the coping strategies that are problem-focused from emotion-focused strategies. State the relative effectiveness of these different strategies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of State the early version of the distinction...

Question 17

Karen Horney agreed with Freud that unconscious conflicts often trigger anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney believed that unconscious conflicts could trigger anxiety, but she disagreed with Freud's specific theory of the Oedipus complex and emphasized the influence of social and cultural factors on personality development.

Question 18

Carol is having difficulty with her romantic relationship. She is afraid of losing her partner, so she gives in to her partner's wishes to keep him happy. Carol probably has which kind of attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style tend to be anxious about their relationships and fear rejection or abandonment. They often give in to their partner's needs and desires in an attempt to avoid conflict and maintain the relationship.

Quiz 6: Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research