Question 1

Who said "An objective psychologist would be restricted to observing overt responses": ____________

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

The principle of stereoscopic vision is based on _________________

Accepted Answer

Stereoscopic vision, or the perception of depth, relies on retinal disparity, which is the difference in images seen by the left and right eyes. This difference allows the brain to gauge depth and distance.

Question 3

Interpreting sensory information as meaningful pattern can be defined as_________________

Accepted Answer

Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to make it meaningful, distinguishing it from the mere reception of stimuli (sensation).

Question 4

When a dog learns to salivate only to a bell and not to a buzzer, the process that has taken place is called ______________

Accepted Answer

This process is called discrimination because the dog has learned to distinguish between the bell and the buzzer, responding only to the bell. This indicates the dog has learned to differentiate between two stimuli, showing a specific response to one (the bell) and not the other (the buzzer).

Question 5

The process by which an organism learn to make a particular response to a specific stimulus and to no other stimulus is____________________

Accepted Answer

Stimulus discrimination is the process by which an organism learns to respond differently to various stimuli based on their distinctiveness. In this context, it means the organism learns to make a specific response to a particular stimulus and not to other, dissimilar stimuli.

Question 6

French philosopher ____________________ proposed that the mind and body are separate entities.

Accepted Answer

René Descartes is known for proposing the concept of dualism, which suggests that the mind and body are distinct and separate entities. This philosophical viewpoint is foundational in the history of psychology and philosophy.

Question 7

The first working research laboratory in psychology was established at the University of Leipzig in __________ year.

Accepted Answer

The first working research laboratory in psychology was established at the University of Leipzig in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt, marking the year psychology is often said to have become an experimental science.

Question 8

Wundt's student _________________ established structuralism, the first major school in psychology.

Accepted Answer

Edward Titchener, a student of Wilhelm Wundt, established structuralism, which was the first major school of thought in psychology.

Question 9

______________ could not be used to study children or animals.

Accepted Answer

Introspection involves examining one's own thoughts and feelings, which cannot be directly applied to children or animals as they cannot articulate their internal experiences in the same way adults can.

Question 10

________________ influenced the beginning of the functionalist school of psychology.

Accepted Answer

William James is considered a key figure in the development of the functionalist school of psychology, which focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior.

Question 11

The common goal of functionalism and structuralism is an emphasis on the study of _______________.

Accepted Answer

Both functionalism and structuralism focus on understanding conscious experiences, though they approach it differently. Functionalism emphasizes the purpose of consciousness and behavior, while structuralism focuses on the structure of the mind.

Question 12

___________________ focus was on the scientific study of observable behavior that could be objectively measured and verified.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism's focus was on the scientific study of observable behavior that could be objectively measured and verified, emphasizing the importance of external behaviors over internal mental states.

Question 13

________________ grew out of the pioneering work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism, as a school of thought in psychology, grew directly from the work of Ivan Pavlov, who is famous for his experiments on classical conditioning with dogs.

Question 14

The Austrian physician who emphasized unconscious processes rather than overt observable behavior was ________________.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is known for his development of psychoanalysis, a method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud's work emphasized the importance of unconscious processes in understanding human behavior, which distinguishes him from the other psychologists listed.

Question 15

The school of psychology that emphasizes conscious experiences, including each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction, is __________________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychology focuses on individual potential and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualization. It emphasizes conscious experiences and the individual's capacity for personal growth and psychological health.

Question 16

The person credited with founding humanistic psychology is __________________.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers is widely recognized as one of the founding figures of humanistic psychology, which emphasizes the study of the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual's experience.

Question 17

Another humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasizes personal growth was _______________.

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow is known for developing a theory of motivation that emphasizes personal growth, most famously through his hierarchy of needs.

Question 18

The founder of Gestalt psychology was _________________.

Accepted Answer

Max Wertheimer is recognized as the founder of Gestalt psychology, a movement that emphasizes the holistic nature of perception and cognition.

Question 19

Psychologists who study the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries are called _______________ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural psychologists study the diversity of human behavior across different cultures and countries, focusing on how cultural factors influence psychological processes.

Question 20

One important factor in the cognitive revolution was the development of the first ____________, which gave psychologists a model for human mental processes.

Accepted Answer

The development of the first computers was a crucial factor in the cognitive revolution, as they provided a model for understanding and simulating human mental processes. This allowed psychologists to conceptualize thoughts and behaviors in terms of information processing, significantly influencing the field of cognitive psychology.

Quiz 3: Psychology: Key Concepts and Thinkers