Question 1

The two ways of acquiring U.S. citizenship at birth are by place of birth and inheritance from U.S. citizen parents. Any child born in the United States while under American jurisdiction is a U.S. citizen at birth. Because foreign ambassadors are not subject to American jurisdiction, children born in the United States to foreign ambassadors do not obtain U.S. citizenship at birth. Children born overseas to U.S. citizen parents derive U.S. citizenship at birth, as long as the parents previously lived in the United States for a sufficient period of time. All others must naturalize to become citizens. J.B. was not a U.S. citizen at birth.

Accepted Answer

According to the paragraph, there are two ways of acquiring U.S. citizenship at birth. Also, the paragraph states that J.B. did not acquire U.S. citizenship at birth. Therefore, the only conclusion that can be validly drawn is that J.B. did not meet either of the two conditions for acquiring U.S. citizenship at birth. Specifically, J.B. was not born in the United States to U.S. citizen parents, and J.B. was not born overseas to U.S. citizen parents who previously lived in the United States for the required period of time. Any other conclusion is not supported by the information in the paragraph.

Question 2

In a certain border state, all state peace officers have the authority to issue state citations for misdemeanor marijuana and paraphernalia offenses committed in their presence. Early last year, a certain Border Patrol Sector in the state began a new operation with state police. Under this operation, all sector canine handlers were cross-designated as state peace officers.

Accepted Answer

Question 9 is a negative lead item, so the correct response is the only response option that CANNOT be validly concluded. The first sentence states that all state peace officers have authority to issue certain drug-related citations. Response E is invalid because it says that only sector canine handlers have such authority.
The first sentence states that all state peace officers have authority to issue certain drug-related citations; therefore, at least some who have authority to issue certain drug-related citations must be peace officers, Response A. The last sentence states that all sector canine handlers are state peace officers; therefore, all sector canine handlers have authority to issue certain drug-related citations because the handlers are state peace officers, Response B. Moreover, given that all sector canine handlers have authority to issue certain drug-related citations, it must be the case that at least some individuals who have authority to issue certain drug-related citations are sector canine handlers, Response C. Finally, given that all sector canine handlers have authority to issue certain drug-related citations, it must be the case that no sector canine handlers lack authority to issue certain drug-related citations, Response D.

Question 3

Reinstatement allows a former Federal employee to reenter the Federal competitive service workforce without competing with the public in a civil service examination. If an applicant has reinstatement eligibility, the applicant is eligible to apply for any open civil service examination, as well as for Federal jobs open only to Federal employees. There is no time limit on reinstatement eligibility in certain cases. For example, if an applicant has veterans' preference or has acquired Federal career tenure by completing three years of substantially continuous creditable service, the applicant has permanent reinstatement eligibility. C.P. formerly worked in the Federal competitive service workforce.

Accepted Answer

The fourth sentence in the paragraph states that when an applicant has veteran's preference, the applicant has permanent reinstatement eligibility. The second sentence states that an applicant with reinstatement eligibility is eligible to apply for any civil service examination. Therefore, if an applicant has veteran's preference, the applicant is eligible to apply for any civil service examination due to having reinstatement eligibility. Accordingly, Response E is valid because C.P. will be eligible to apply for any open civil service examination if C.P. has veterans' preference.
Responses A, B, C, and D are invalid because they make assumptions which cannot be supported by the information in the paragraph. Response B assumes that the only two ways of attaining reinstatement eligibility is to have veteran's preference or three years creditable service. Response C assumes that applicants are allowed to apply for open civil service examinations and jobs open only to status candidates only when applicants have reinstatement eligibility. Responses A and D assume that applicants are allowed to apply for open civil service examinations and jobs open only to status candidates when and only when applicants have veteran's preference or three years creditable service.

Question 4

When officers must physically force entry into a home, they are required to ensure that the home is in a secure condition when they leave. Failure to secure the home leaves the officers liable for loss of items from the home and/or damage to the home that results from leaving the property unsecured. It is legal to break down doors in order to gain entry, if that degree of force is determined by an officer to be necessary. If an officer forces entry, the officer is required to take measures to minimize damage to the property. Officer Stoler needs to gain entry into a suspect's home. Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

This question is a negative lead question, so the correct response is the only response option that cannot be validly concluded. The first sentence in the paragraph states that when officers must physically force entry into a home, the officers are required to ensure that the home is in a secure condition when the officers leave. Response D contradicts this information in saying that Officer Stoler is not required to leave the home in a secure condition. Thus, Response D is the correct response.

Question 5

Recently, Border Patrol agents received leads from informants about possible illegal activity at La Rosita Park. When agents arrived at the park, they drove through the parking lots, looking for individuals and vehicles matching their leads. The Agents examined several suspicious vehicles, including many unregistered vehicles. All of the unregistered vehicles contained bundles of marijuana. No arrests have been made in connection with this incident.

Accepted Answer

The fourth sentence contains the information that all of the unregistered vehicles contained bundles of marijuana. Accordingly, if a vehicle did not contain bundles of marijuana, it could not be one of the unregistered vehicles since all unregistered vehicles contained marijuana. Therefore, it can be deduced that all of the vehicles that did not contain bundles of marijuana were registered.
Response A contradicts the information in the last sentence. Response B contradicts the information in the fourth sentence. Response C assumes that only unregistered contained bundles of marijuana, but there is insufficient information to make that conclusion. Response E assumes that some of the registered vehicles also contained bundles of marijuana, but there is insufficient information to make that conclusion.

Question 6

Green cards authorize aliens to work in the United States. The cards have a ten-year expiration period. Application for a renewal of a green card can be made up to six months in advance of expiration. In order to apply for renewal of a green card, the applicant is required to apply in person and bring his or her current green card, application, fee, and new photos. It may take one year for applicants to receive new green cards, but temporary documents are provided. Which of the following CANNOT be conlcuded based on the above passage?

Accepted Answer

This question is a negative lead question, so the correct response is the only response option that CANNOT be validly concluded. Option C, that green cards are the only work authorization documents that expire after 10 years, is invalid because it assumes from the information that all green cards are authorization documents that expire after 10 years and that green cards are the ONLY work authorization documents that expire after 10 years.
The fourth sentence states that all green card applicants must apply in person. Therefore, option A, that an application that does not require applicants to apply in person cannot be a green card application, is correct. Option B, that an application for a replacement green card cannot be made more than six months in advance of expiration, is also valid and is based on the information in the third sentence. The second sentence establishes that green cards have an expiration date, so option D is also correct. The last sentence says that sometimes it takes a year to receive a new green card, so option E is valid as well.

Question 7

If a non-immigrant alien (for example, a tourist) enters the United States illegally or enters legally but violates his or her non-immigrant status, the alien is considered to be an undocumented alien. If an alien accepts unauthorized employment, remains longer than permitted, or commits one of several other violations, the alien has violated his or her nonimmigrant status. Some of these undocumented aliens purchase counterfeit documents or assume another person's identity by using fraudulently obtained genuine documents. R.G. is a non-immigrant alien who is living in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Based on the information in the first sentence, if R.G. is not an undocumented alien, then R.G. has not violated his/her nonimmigrant status. Based on the information in the second sentence, if R.G. has not violated his/her non-immigrant status, then R.G. has not accepted unauthorized employment. Therefore, if R.G. is not an undocumented alien, the R.G. has not accepted unauthorized employment, Response E.
Responses A and D are invalid because it cannot be determined whether or not R.G. entered the United States illegally based only on the information that R.G. is an undocumented alien because R.G. may have violated his/her non-immigrant status. Response C is invalid because R.G. may be an undocumented alien for several different reasons even if R.G. did not remain in the United States longer than permitted. Likewise, Response B is invalid because R.G. could have committed a violation other than accepting unauthorized employment that resulted in violation of non-immigrant status.

Question 8

When an illegal alien is being "removed," the alien's passport in U.S. Government possession is returned to the issuing government, not to the illegal alien. If the illegal alien's departure is voluntary, the passport is allowed to be returned to the alien. The U.S. Government holds the passport of H.B., an illegal alien who must leave the country.

Accepted Answer

This question is a negative lead question, so the correct response is the only response option that CANNOT be validly concluded. According to the third sentence, if H.B.'s departure is voluntary, then the passport is allowed to be returned to H.B. Based on this information, Response A is invalid.
Responses C and D are both valid and are supported by the information in the third sentence that the passport is allowed to be returned to H.B. if H.B.'s departure is voluntary. Responses B and E are valid and are supported by the information in the second sentence that H.B.'s passport will be returned to the issuing government if H.B. is being "removed."

Question 9

Oleoresin capsicum (OC), or "pepper spray," is an effective law enforcement tool for incapacitating violent or threatening arrestees without using deadly force. Pepper spray causes a burning sensation of the eyes and skin and tearing and swelling of the eyes. Almost all arrestees are unable to see after being sprayed with OC. Some law enforcement agencies that have adopted OC sprays have fewer allegations of use of excessive force. Many law enforcement agencies have reported a reduction in officer and arrestee injuries as a result of the introduction of OC sprays.

Accepted Answer

The third sentence says that almost all arrestees are unable to see after being sprayed with OC. Accordingly, few arrestees are able to see after being sprayed with OC, Response B.
Response A is false because, according to the first sentence, OC is an example of a tool that causes a burning sensation of the eyes but is not deadly force. Sentences four and five do not say that the agencies who have experienced fewer allegations of use of excessive force are the same agencies that have reported a reduction in officer and arrestee injuries, thus Response C is invalid. Response D is false because it contradicts the information in the fourth sentence that some agencies using OC have experienced fewer allegations. Finally, the first sentence states that OC is an effective, non-lethal tool for violent or threatening arrestees, but it does not state that OC is the only tool (Response E).

Quiz 1: Border Patrol