Question 1

____CH₃OH(I) + _____O₂(g) --> _____CO₂(g) + _____H₂O(g) What set of coefficients correctly balances this equation?

Accepted Answer

2, 3, 2, 4
Use the law of conservation of mass to balance this equation by inspection. The correct coefficients are 2, 3, 2, 4.

Question 2

A population of bison was separated by the construction of a new interstate. The construction also separates bison east of the interstate from its natural predator, and bison west of the river from the primary source of water. Much time passes.
The horns of bison east of the interstate become less sharp than those west of the interstate. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Divergent evolution. Since the bison east of the interstate no longer have to combat its natural predator, sharp horns are no longer needed.
Key Takeaway: When a population becomes separated into two distinct populations, changes will occur in both new populations based on the different environments. Bison east of the river are separated from the natural predator of the species, and changes will occur in its physique to represent that, including a loss of sharp horns.
Photo: Bison, Stefan Didam

Question 3

All of the following are products of the nitrogen cycle EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

O₂. The nitrogen cycle produces N₂, NO₃, NO₂, and NH₃. Key Takeaway: Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the atmosphere and essential to all life. The nitrogen cycle is the process by which bacteria and plants convert pure nitrogen into more usual nitrates. Ammonia is released as a waste product and recycled into pure nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria. While oxygen is used by the nitrogen cycle, it is not produced as a product.

Question 4

What term classifies a phase change from a solid directly to a gas?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation
Vaporization is a phase change from liquid to gas. Deposition is a phase change from gas to solid. Effervescence does not describe a phase change. Fusion is a phase change from solid to liquid. Therefore, sublimation must be a phase change from solid to gas.

Question 5

Translation involves which two types of compounds ______________.

Accepted Answer

mRNA and protein. Translation is the process that produces proteins using mRNA as a template.
Key Takeaway: In translation, each three nucleotide sequence called a codon corresponds to a particular amino acid, or corresponds to a signal that starts or stops translation.
By knowing that translation involves the production of proteins, the student will be led directly to the answer.

Question 6

As a means to spot prey, both snow leopards and owls have developed extraordinary night vision. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution. Both species have developed a similar characteristic for a similar purpose.
Key Takeaway: Convergent evolution occurs when two distinct species become similar in some way as a result of similar pressures. In the case of both the snow leopard and the owl, the pressure is the need for food. As nocturnal animals, both animals have evolved a distinct selection advantage which allows them to hunt at night and conserve energy that would be used during sunlight.

Question 7

Why is Rutherford's gold foil experiment significant?

Accepted Answer

It led to the discovery of the nucleus
In his gold foil experiment, Rutherford directed radioactive particles at a sheet of gold foil. He expected all the particles to travel straight through the sheet, but instead found that a few particles were deflected at wide angles. Rutherford's only explanation was that the atoms of the foil had to contain a small but dense ball of mass, leading to the discovery of the nucleus.

Question 8

Which of the following processes produces ATP?
I. Oxidative phosphorylation
II. Krebs' cycle
III. Glycolysis

Accepted Answer

I, II, and III only. All three processes produce ATP.
Key Takeaway: Glycolysis produces ATP as a result of metabolizing glucose into pyruvate. Pyruvate can be further metabolized in the Krebs' cycle in which ATP is also produced. In oxidative phosphorylation, H+ ions are shuttled through a membrane protein called ATP synthase, which produces ATP as the ions are transported through it.

Question 9

What type of radioactive emission does not have mass?

Accepted Answer

Beta, alpha, and positron emission all involve the emission of particles with mass. Gamma involves the emission of energy, which does not have mass.

Question 10

What type of molecular geometry does NH₃ display?

Accepted Answer

Trigonal pyramidal NH₃ molecules contain three hydrogen atoms bonded to a central nitrogen atom. The nitrogen atom also has a lone pair of electrons. The hydrogen atoms repel away from the lone pair of electrons to give trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry.

Question 11

What metabolic pathway converts glucose into pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process that extracts energy from glucose.
Key Takeaway: During glycolysis, glucose is ultimately converted to pyruvate. Each molecule of glucose can produce for molecules of ATP during glycolysis. ATP can be further extracted from pyruvate by processes such as the Krebs' cycle.

Question 12

A 40.0 gram sample of a radioactive element decays to 5.0 grams in 15 hours. What is the half-life of this element?

Accepted Answer

In 15 hours, this substance has decayed to 1/8 of its original mass. In other words, the substance has progressed through three half-lives (1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/8). Thus, a single-half life for this substance is 5 hours.

Question 13

In an experiment, mice were infected with helminthes and observed for population change. It was found that mice became sickly and the population decreased. This relationship is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Parasitism. The helminthes prospered at the expense of the mice, resulting in a parasitic relationship.
Key Takeaway: Parasitism occurs in a relationship between organisms when one organism benefits at the expense of others. This is distinct from commensalism and mutualism. In commensalism, one organism prospers without any positive or negative effect on the other. In mutualism, both organisms benefit from the relationship.

Question 14

Which of the following substances will turn blue litmus paper red?

Accepted Answer

Acids turn blue litmus paper red. Thus, HCl will change the color of blue litmus paper.

Question 15

Which of the following organisms is classified in the phylum Chordata?

Accepted Answer

Dolphin. Dolphins are members of the phylum Chordata, who are characterized by having a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, and a post-anal tail.
Key Takeaway: Most chordates have are vertebrates, including humans. Crabs are arthropods, which are invertebrates with a hard exoskeleton. The octopus and squid are both types of mollusks, and the sea urchin is a type of echinoderm.

Question 16

A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. A catalyst lowers the activation energy of a reaction. As a result, more molecules have sufficient energy to change from reactants to products, and the reaction occurs more quickly.

Question 17

F- has a smaller atomic radius than F.

Accepted Answer

The statement is false. F- has one more electron than F, but the same number of protons. Thus, the electrons in F- are held less tightly to the nucleus than the electrons of F. Therefore, F- has a larger atomic radius than F.

Quiz 4: Hiset: Science and Biology

__CH₃OH(I) + _O₂(g) --> _CO₂(g) + ___H₂O(g) What set of coefficients correctly balances this equation?

All of the following are products of the nitrogen cycle EXCEPT:

What term classifies a phase change from a solid directly to a gas?

Translation involves which two types of compounds ______________.

As a means to spot prey, both snow leopards and owls have developed extraordinary night vision. This is an example of:

Why is Rutherford's gold foil experiment significant?

Which of the following processes produces ATP? I. Oxidative phosphorylation II. Krebs' cycle III. Glycolysis

What type of radioactive emission does not have mass?

What type of molecular geometry does NH₃ display?

What metabolic pathway converts glucose into pyruvate?

A 40.0 gram sample of a radioactive element decays to 5.0 grams in 15 hours. What is the half-life of this element?

In an experiment, mice were infected with helminthes and observed for population change. It was found that mice became sickly and the population decreased. This relationship is an example of ________.

Which of the following substances will turn blue litmus paper red?

Which of the following organisms is classified in the phylum Chordata?

A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.

F- has a smaller atomic radius than F.

Quiz 4: Hiset: Science and Biology

____CH3OH(I) + _____O2(g) --> _____CO2(g) + _____H2O(g) What set of coefficients correctly balances this equation?

All of the following are products of the nitrogen cycle EXCEPT:

What term classifies a phase change from a solid directly to a gas?

Translation involves which two types of compounds ______________.

As a means to spot prey, both snow leopards and owls have developed extraordinary night vision. This is an example of:

Why is Rutherford's gold foil experiment significant?

Which of the following processes produces ATP? I. Oxidative phosphorylation II. Krebs' cycle III. Glycolysis

What type of radioactive emission does not have mass?

What type of molecular geometry does NH3 display?

What metabolic pathway converts glucose into pyruvate?

A 40.0 gram sample of a radioactive element decays to 5.0 grams in 15 hours. What is the half-life of this element?

In an experiment, mice were infected with helminthes and observed for population change. It was found that mice became sickly and the population decreased. This relationship is an example of ________.

Which of the following substances will turn blue litmus paper red?

Which of the following organisms is classified in the phylum Chordata?

A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.

F- has a smaller atomic radius than F.

__CH₃OH(I) + _O₂(g) --> _CO₂(g) + ___H₂O(g) What set of coefficients correctly balances this equation?

What type of molecular geometry does NH₃ display?