Question 1

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of acquiring cancer of:

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of acquiring cancer of the liver and ovaries.

Question 2

Influenza pandemic occurs after every 7 - 10 years. This kind of disease distribution in time is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cyclical trends describe patterns of fluctuation in disease occurrence over long periods, such as several years or decades, which fits the description of influenza pandemics occurring every 7-10 years.

Question 3

A patient is suffering from AIDS. He is suffering from suppression of which of the
Following cells?

Accepted Answer

AIDS primarily affects CD4 cells, which are a type of T-cell, leading to their suppression and a weakened immune system.

Question 4

What is the worldwide prevalence of obesity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the worldwide prevalence of obesity?
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Question 5

What is the definition of overweight?

Accepted Answer

Overweight is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9 kg/m^2. This range is considered above the normal weight range but below the classification for obesity.

Question 6

What are the main causes of the obesity epidemic?

Accepted Answer

The obesity epidemic is primarily driven by increased energy intake from high-calorie foods and a more sedentary lifestyle, leading to an imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended.

Question 7

Which of the following diseases does obesity increase the risk of developing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following diseases does obesity...

Question 8

What is the energy need of a sedentary 43-year old woman who weighs 63 kg?

Accepted Answer

The energy need for a sedentary adult woman is typically calculated using the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and an activity factor. For a 43-year-old woman weighing 63 kg, the estimated energy requirement is around 1525 kcal/day.

Question 9

What is leptin resistance?

Accepted Answer

Leptin resistance occurs when there are high concentrations of leptin in the body (usually due to increased fat mass) but the brain does not respond to it by reducing appetite or increasing energy expenditure, leading to a lack of reduction in energy intake despite high leptin levels.

Question 10

What is the difference between LCD and VLCD?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between LCD and...

Question 11

Why were low-carbohydrate diets not recommended previously?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why were low-carbohydrate diets not recommended previously?
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Question 12

What type of diet is recommended for weight maintenance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What type of diet is recommended for...

Question 13

Which drug(s) is/are approved for the treatment of obesity in Europe?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which drug(s) is/are approved for the treatment...

Question 14

Bariatric surgery is used for obesity treatment but how much is the incidence of type 2 diabetes reduced in obese individuals after surgery?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bariatric surgery is used for obesity treatment...

Question 15

Which of the mechanisms below can explain why high protein diets are optimal for weight loss and weight maintenance?

Accepted Answer

High protein diets are optimal for weight loss and maintenance due to a combination of factors: the synergistic effect of GLP-1 and PYY on appetite control, preservation of lean body mass during weight loss, and a higher thermic effect of protein compared to carbohydrates and fats, which increases energy expenditure.

Question 16

The time duration for the pasteurization is

Accepted Answer

The traditional method of pasteurization, known as low-temperature long-time (LTLT) pasteurization, involves heating the liquid to 63°C (145°F) for 30 minutes.

Question 17

During pasteurization, the milk is heated for 30 minutes at

Accepted Answer

During pasteurization, milk is typically heated to 61°C (or 145°F) for 30 minutes in the low-temperature, long-time (LTLT) method.

Question 18

In hospitals, the surgical instruments and plastics are washed with

Accepted Answer

Ethylene oxide is used to sterilize surgical instruments and plastics that cannot withstand high temperatures, as it is effective at lower temperatures and does not damage sensitive medical equipment.

Question 19

For the purification of swimming pools and water supplies of chemical used is

Accepted Answer

Chlorine is commonly used for the purification of swimming pools and water supplies because it is effective at killing bacteria and other pathogens, ensuring the water is safe for use.

Question 20

The temperature required for the sterilization with dry heat is

Accepted Answer

Dry heat sterilization typically requires temperatures of 160-180°C for at least 2 hours, making 180°C a common standard for this process.

Quiz 13: Health and Environmental Issues and Concerns