Question 1

What computer network is generally considered to be the origin of the Internet?
A)ARPANET
B)FTP
C)HTTP
D)The World Wide Web

Accepted Answer

ARPANET is generally considered to be the origin of the Internet. ARPANET was a network created by the US Department of Defense that connected universities and private research facilities that were working on ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) related contracts.

Question 2

What agency is responsible for regulating IP addresses?
A)WWW
B)ICANN
C)Each company is responsible for maintaining its own IP address.
D)The job is split between regional registries.

Accepted Answer

ICANN is responsible for maintaining IP addresses. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers was created in 1998. Although it was created by the US government, it is a non-governmental organization.

Question 3

What open-source software?
A)Software that is available free of charge
B)Software that was developed by a non-profit organization
C)Software that can work on any operating system
D)Software with freely available source code

Accepted Answer

Open-source software is software whose source code is freely available. Since the source code is open, anyone may examine it or alter it or redistribute altered versions of the program.

Question 4

What is the main disadvantage of relational databases?
A)The relationships between datasets must be known.
B)Data tags must be determined in advance.
C)They restrict the possible uses of the database.
D)There is redundant data.

Accepted Answer

The main disadvantage of relational databases is the presence of redundant data. This redundant data takes up extra memory space and must be managed carefully to ensure that inconsistencies do not sneak into the system. The process of organizing a relational database to minimize redundancy is called normalization.

Question 5

What activity reduces huge amounts of data to smaller sets of meaningful, usable data?
A)Data mining
B)Data silos
C)Data warehousing
D)SQL querying

Accepted Answer

Data mining is the act of reducing huge amounts of data into usable pieces of information. This is mostly done by eliminating data that isn't interesting and looking for patterns in the rest. These patterns, as opposed to the data that underlie the patterns, are often actionable.

Question 6

In terms of online security, what is re-identification?
A)Validating a user's identity before granting access to secure content
B)Validating a user's identity throughout a secure session
C)Requiring a user to log back in after a session has expired
D)Determining a user's actual identity from anonymous information

Accepted Answer

Re-identification is the process of determining a user's actual identity from anonymous information. If the information has value, for marketing agencies for instance, determining its originator allows the data to be sold.

Question 7

What is error encoding?
A)A form of copy protection that intentionally creates errors to prove authenticity
B)Code that corrects errors that occur during routine operation
C)Errors made when writing data to memory
D)Mistakes made when writing a computer program

Accepted Answer

Error encoding is a form of copy protection. Floppy disks used to be encoded with bad sectors that the program looked for before it would run. Copying floppy disks did not transfer the bad sectors, so the copied program could effectively determine that it was not original and would not run. Since floppies are no longer used, this tactic no longer works, but theoretically similar techniques that are in current use are often referred to as error encoding.

Question 8

What is a white-hat hacker?
A)White-hat hackers are security experts who do not break the law.
B)White-hat hackers expose security vulnerabilities so that they can be corrected.
C)White-hat hackers are hackers who work for the government.
D)White-hat hackers are programmers who track down cybercriminals.

Accepted Answer

White-hat hackers expose security vulnerabilities so that they can be fixed. These activities are sometimes, though not necessarily, illegal or controversial. Black-hat hackers exploit security vulnerabilities for personal gain.

Question 9

Which of the following might be included in a document's metadata?
A)The date of creation
B)The number of times the document has been accessed
C)The usernames of everyone who has accessed the document
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Metadata can include all of the above and much more. Even though it is easy to eliminate, metadata has proven to be a major privacy issue because so many users are unaware of it.

Quiz 11: Computers

What computer network is generally considered to be the origin of the Internet?

What agency is responsible for regulating IP addresses?

What open-source software?

What is the main disadvantage of relational databases?

What activity reduces huge amounts of data to smaller sets of meaningful, usable data?

In terms of online security, what is re-identification?

What is error encoding?

What is a white-hat hacker?

Which of the following might be included in a document's metadata?