Question 1

Surplus dietary carbohydrates are first stored as _____.​

Accepted Answer

Surplus carbohydrates are converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles as an energy reserve for later use.

Question 2

Perry's body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments. Which organ(s) in his body is/are diseased?​

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, and if they are not functioning properly, dialysis may be necessary to remove these waste products.

Question 3

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs.​

Accepted Answer

Ketones can cross the blood-brain barrier and be converted into energy by the brain, providing an alternative source of fuel for the nervous system. This is particularly relevant during periods of low blood glucose, such as during fasting or prolonged exercise.

Question 4

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called _____.​

Accepted Answer

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is specifically called glycolysis.

Question 5

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate.​

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) can be influenced by several factors including age, weight, height, gender, diet, and exercise habits. While it's true that genetics play a significant role in determining one's BMR, lifestyle changes such as increasing muscle mass through exercise or altering dietary intake can impact BMR to some extent.

Question 6

In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving.​

Accepted Answer

In both fasting and starvation, the body undergoes the same set of metabolic responses to break down stored fat and protein for energy. The main difference lies in the length and severity of the period of food restriction.

Question 7

The portion of a triglyceride molecule that can be converted into glucose is _____.​

Accepted Answer

Glycerol can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis, while the fatty acids in a triglyceride cannot. Short, medium, and long-chain fatty acids are all broken down into acetyl-CoA during fatty acid oxidation and cannot be directly converted into glucose. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule used for cellular energy and is not a component of a triglyceride.

Question 8

Which organ system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells?​

Accepted Answer

The digestive system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells due to the constant need to replace cells that are continuously being shed from the lining of organs such as the stomach and intestines. The cells in the digestive system undergo a high rate of turnover, easily making it the organ system with the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells.

Question 9

Most adults with type 2 diabetes are at a healthy weight, not overweight or obese.​

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While being overweight or obese is a known risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, it is possible for individuals with a healthy weight to still develop the condition. Other risk factors such as genetics, age, and lifestyle choices can also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Question 10

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when ____.​

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is stored in liver and muscles when excessive glucose is present in the blood. The glucose is stored as glycogen for later use when the blood glucose levels decrease.

Question 11

Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 50% of the total glucose used each day.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Normally, the nervous system consumes less than...

Question 12

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness.​

Accepted Answer

A distorted body image that overestimates body fatness is one of the core diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa.

Question 13

Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.​

Accepted Answer

This is true because when an excess of energy is consumed from carbohydrates, protein, or fat, the body will convert the excess energy into fat for storage. Therefore, fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.

Question 14

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference.​

Accepted Answer

Smoking can cause an increase in abdominal fat deposits, leading to a larger waist circumference despite a lower body weight.

Question 15

The building up of body compounds is known as anabolism.​

Accepted Answer

Anabolism is the process of building up compounds in the body, such as proteins and carbohydrates, through the use of energy.

Question 16

Which process is not a function of the liver?​

Accepted Answer

The liver does not secrete insulin and glucagon; these hormones are produced by the pancreas.

Question 17

The high-energy compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is able to transfer small amounts of usable energy to move our muscles and supply our enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions.​

Accepted Answer

ATP is a high-energy compound that is used to transfer usable energy to move our muscles and supply enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions.

Question 18

What percentage of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose at all?​

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides are made up of three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule. The glycerol molecule can be converted into pyruvate which can then enter the pathway for glucose production. However, the fatty acids cannot be directly converted into glucose as they undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondria to produce acetyl-CoA which enters the citric acid cycle for energy production. Therefore, 95% of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted into glucose.

Question 19

A healthy pancreas secretes _____ into the blood between meals and _____ right after a meal.​

Accepted Answer

The pancreas secretes glucagon into the blood between meals to increase blood glucose levels, and insulin right after a meal to decrease blood glucose levels.

Question 20

The production of glucose from protein or fat is called _____.​

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as proteins and fats. Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, while glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate. Triglycerolysis is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. Thus, the correct answer is B as it correctly identifies the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Quiz 6: Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Surplus dietary carbohydrates are first stored as _____.

Perry's body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments. Which organ(s) in his body is/are diseased?

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs.

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called _____.

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate.

In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving.

The portion of a triglyceride molecule that can be converted into glucose is _____.

Which organ system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells?

Most adults with type 2 diabetes are at a healthy weight, not overweight or obese.

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when ____.

Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 50% of the total glucose used each day.

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness.

Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference.

The building up of body compounds is known as anabolism.

Which process is not a function of the liver?

The high-energy compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is able to transfer small amounts of usable energy to move our muscles and supply our enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions.

What percentage of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose at all?

A healthy pancreas secretes _ into the blood between meals and _ right after a meal.

The production of glucose from protein or fat is called _____.