Question 1

Which psychologist suggests using an incentive system, providing individualized help that efficiently supports the learning of each student and using body language to convey behavioral messages as strategies that may decrease off-task behaviors during independent practice times?
A)Lee Canter
B)Maria Montessori
C)Albert Bandura
D)Fredric Jones

Accepted Answer

Fredric Jones suggests using an incentive system, providing individualized help that efficiently supports the learning of each student and using body language to convey behavioral messages as strategies that may decrease off-task behaviors during independent practice times. Jones, a psychologist in the field of behavior modification, identifies these as important aspects of a positive classroom management system. Positive classroom management uses reinforcers rather than punishment. Individualized help increases the likelihood that students will understand the classroom expectations and lessons, thus decreasing the downtime caused by confusion. This, in turn, decreases opportunities for misbehavior. Body language allows the teacher to communicate more privately with a student, rather than drawing negative attention to them as a verbal redirect would.

Question 2

Nitza Hidalgo, an educational theorist, tells us that there are the three levels of culture that can be identified as influential in the way students learn. What are these levels?
A)Age, Family and Personal
B)Intrinsic, Extrinsic and Eccentric
C)Figurative, Literal and Connotative
D)Concrete, Behavioral and Symbolic

Accepted Answer

The three levels of culture that educational theorist Nitza Hidalgo identifies as influential in the way students learn are concrete, behavioral and symbolic. The concrete level of culture includes those aspects that are more readily observed among a group: the way they dress, their food preferences and the art forms that they may be identified by as a whole. The behavioral level of culture can be seen as the less visible patterns of action common to the group as a whole, such as speaking a common language, the ways they organize themselves socially and mannerisms practiced by all. Lastly, the third and most abstract of the three, is the symbolic level of culture. This level includes what some might refer to as convictions or beliefs that are seen as the values of a group. These three levels can also be identified within sub-cultures.

Question 3

Early theories regarding the phases of moral development were typically male-centered. Which theorist recognized this and proposed the stages of ethical care to address the phases of moral development as they relate to women?
A)Carol Gilligan
B)Erik Erikson
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Maria Montessori

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan used her concept of the stages of ethical care to address the phases of moral development as they relate to women. She felt that the male-centered theories of other professionals such as Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson were insufficient to address the moral development of women, because their psychological characteristics are innately different from those of men. The three stages she identifies in her theory are pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional.

Question 4

Carefully constructing a seating chart, establishing daily classroom routines and directly teaching the classroom rules are examples of what?
A)Providing differentiated instruction to meet the needs of individual students
B)Preventative measures that could minimize the occurrence of undesirable behaviors
C)Techniques used to plan instruction and assess student learning
D)Applied behavior modification of a target behavio

Accepted Answer

Carefully constructing a seating chart, establishing daily classroom routines and directly teaching the classroom rules are all examples of preventative measures aimed at minimizing the occurrence of undesirable behaviors among students. These are valuable attributes of a positive classroom management system since they decrease the likelihood of misbehavior BEFORE teacher redirection is needed.

Question 5

Strand has been a sixth-grade English teacher for eleven years. There are several students in the classroom that are not being successful though they seem to be capable and are on-task. Mrs. Strand invites a colleague in to observe her teaching so that she can get some peer feedback on how to improve her instructional methods. After the students leave for the day, Mrs. Strand and her colleague sit down to discuss the lesson. The colleague's notes mention that Mrs. Strand lectured for more than half the block. Several of the students had raised their hands, and Mrs. Strand asked them to wait until the end of her lesson to ask questions. Those students did not ask their questions when she prompted for them at the end of the lesson. Additionally, she worked quietly at her desk grading papers while the students completed their independent work. They turned in their work and moved on to approved free-time activities. Which of the following strategies is NOT appropriate to address Mrs. Strand's areas of weakness in her instructional delivery?
A)Provide frequent feedback to students throughout the instructional period
B)Give the students a quiz at the end of the instructional period and assign mandatory tutoring to any students that do not pass
C)Differentiate her instruction with other methods besides lecture
D)Provide the students with a variety of activities that reinforce the key concept

Accepted Answer

In order to strengthen her instructional delivery, it would NOT be appropriate for Mrs. Strand to give the students a quiz at the end of the instructional period and assign mandatory tutoring to any students that do not pass. Frequent feedback is necessary to monitor student learning and adjust instructional delivery methods to meet the needs of each student in the class. By using only lecture, she is not addressing the needs of students that learn best by other modalities: kinesthetic, visual and tactile. Variety in activities increases student engagement, taps into the other learning modalities and increases the students' exposure to a variety of learning opportunities that will help them scaffold their learning. Her current model does not allow students to learn cooperatively, which is proven by research to benefit students both academically and socially.

Question 6

According to Piaget, which of the following characteristics is likely NOT indicative of a student that is a formal operational thinker?
A)Aged approximately 11-15 years
B)Able to logically think through abstract problems
C)Requires the use of math manipulatives to solve math problems
D)Can use reason in hypothetical situations

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, a student that is a formal operational thinker would likely NOT require the use of math manipulatives to complete algorithms. Students reach the formal operational stage of cognitive development when they are approximately 11-15 years old. They are characterized by the ability to use logic to solve abstract problems and can reason through hypothetical situations. Therefore, students at the formal operational stage would most likely be able to complete algorithms without the need for manipulatives in order to solve math problems.

Question 7

Which teacher behaviors below demonstrate "with-it-ness" according to Jacob Kounin?
A)Showing up to work on time and going to faculty meetings
B)Having good classroom management skills and well-paced lessons
C)Participating in staff development opportunities
D)Demonstrating strong literacy and math skills

Accepted Answer

According to Kounin, having good classroom management skills and well-paced lessons are both teacher behaviors that demonstrate "with-it-ness." While the other behaviors are also good ones to have, they are not part of Kounin's theory. Kounin also stated that "with-it" teachers transition their classes smoothly between activities and know what is happening in their classrooms at all times.

Question 8

Andrew, a fourth grader, is showing signs commonly seen in young children experiencing depression. Despite the fact that he is successful in his academics, has a healthy home-life and has all of his physical needs met, he does not appear to have any friends. He cries often for reasons that are unapparent and wanders off to sit away from the other students during lunch and recess. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs are likely not being met and are, therefore, hindering his self-actualization?
A)Safety needs
B)Esteem needs
C)Belongingness and love needs
D)Physiological needs

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, it is likely that Andrew's belongingness and love needs are not being met and are, therefore, hindering his self-actualization. The hierarchy dictates that students' belongingness and love needs are satisfied by participation in healthy, positive relationships with family members, peers and other individuals that they connect with emotionally. Whenever belongingness and love needs are satisfied, an individual can then begin to seek ways to fulfill their esteem needs. Without this satisfaction, it is likely that the esteem needs will not be met either; thus, self-actualization cannot be obtained. Self-actualization involves feelings of fulfillment coupled with developments in specific areas of personal growth.

Question 9

According to Piaget's theory of development, at what stage of cognitive development are most children in Kindergarten and the first grade functioning?
A)Formal operational
B)Sensory-motor
C)Pre-operational
D)Concrete operationa

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of development, most children in Kindergarten and the first grade are functioning at the pre-operational stage of cognitive development. The pre-operational stage occurs around ages 2 to 7 years old and typically involves the belief that other individuals see the world as they do: an egocentric viewpoint. They learn to use language and are capable of representing objects with images and words. Additionally, they can classify objects by a single feature.

Question 10

Teachers that demonstrate positive classroom management skills understand the difference between punishment and discipline. Which of the following characteristics are indicative of discipline?
A)Is negative and short-term
B)Is authoritative and centers on the teacher
C)Is based on logical consequences and centers on the student
D)Communicates anger or disappointment rather than concern

Accepted Answer

Discipline is based on logical consequences and centers on the student. It takes a positive approach to modifying problem behaviors rather than a punitive and reactionary one.

Question 11

As the students within Mr. Shore's third-grade class entered the room, they immediately noticed that the room had been rearranged from rows into groups of four. Each grouping had a red envelope on top of one of the desks. The envelope had "Top Secret" written on the front. Mr. Shore dodged their questions and asked everyone to select a seat and wait until morning announcements were finished. At that time, he announced that today's math lesson would end with a word problem whose answer was inside their red envelopes. He then whispers that all students whose answers are correct will receive a class privilege or reward, though he will not be specific. Students are advised that opening the envelope before being told to would immediately disqualify them from the reward associated with the correct answer. The most likely reason Mr. Shore is using this instructional strategy is to
A)Help the students set goals for themselves
B)Break down a complex task into his simple elements
C)Stimulate curiosity in the lesson and therefore increase student engagement
D)Probe students to identify prior knowledge

Accepted Answer

The most likely reason Mr. Shore is using this instructional strategy is to stimulate curiosity in the lesson and therefore increase student engagement. By stimulating curiosity, he will likely inspire dialogue and activate their prior knowledge. Because the reward is unknown, students will likely speculate and build the expectation that all of their group members should be attentive to the lesson in order to increase the likelihood that they will successfully solve the word problem.

Question 12

The following are all non-verbal forms of communication which can be used as part of an effective classroom management system EXCEPT
A)Proximity control
B)Eye contact
C)Signaling
D)Parent contact

Accepted Answer

The following are all non-verbal forms of communication which can be used as part of an effective classroom management system EXCEPT parent contact. Parent contact involves the verbal or written communication of important facts. One example of proximity control is modeled when a teacher moves to stand next to a student's desk during lecture to stop them from talking. Eye contact, including "the look," simply communicates to the student that the teacher is watching them or did see what they just did. Signaling, such as raising the hand to achieve class-wide attention, can be used silently to affect change in student behavior.

Question 13

All of the following are questioning techniques which teachers may use to stimulate learning among their students EXCEPT
A)Students generate questions prior to a lesson
B)Providing one full second of wait time for students to generate a response
C)The teacher prompts other students to answer a peer's question
D)Use sentence stems from a variety of knowledge levels on Bloom's taxonomy

Accepted Answer

All of the following are questioning techniques which teachers may use to stimulate learning among their students EXCEPT providing 1-2 seconds of wait time for students to generate a response. Although one second is better than the typical wait time of less than one second, research supports that 3-4 seconds of wait time is more appropriate. This extra time allows students with varying processing speeds the time needed to formulate their answer preventing the fastest one from always providing the best responses.

Question 14

Tanya has finished her course work and is sitting in the reading area of her classroom. She is reading an anthology of children's poetry and laughs quietly at the silliness of some of them. She enjoys saying the poems aloud and wants to share one of them with a friend that is also in the reading area. Tanya is demonstrating the stance of a(n)
A)Literal reader
B)Concrete reader
C)Aesthetic reader
D)Efferent reader

Accepted Answer

Tanya is demonstrating the stance of an aesthetic reader. Aesthetic readers appreciate the experience of reading and appreciate the way things are written. They may enjoy the tone or mood of the piece or even the shape of a poem. Poems, plays and novels lend themselves to aesthetic reading.

Question 15

Collins is a sixth-grade English teacher that has become frustrated with Tifton, a student that frequently disrupts her lessons with inappropriate comments. One day, after redirecting him non-verbally three times within a fifteen minute period, she observes that he is continuing to talk to any neighbor who will listen. After he makes a farting noise, she begins to address him by raising her voice and admonishing him for interrupting her lesson "yet again." Tifton stood up, told Mrs. Collins that nobody was going to talk to him in that manner and left the room saying that he was going to go talk to the principal. Which of the following is most likely Tifton's motivation for his reaction to her frustrated redirection?
A)Tifton may have been attempting to "save face" in front of his peers
B)Tifton misses his mother and would like to speak to her
C)Tifton would like to visit with the principal
D)Tifton did not complete his coursework and does not want Mrs. Collins to know

Accepted Answer

Tifton's reaction to Mrs. Collins' frustrated redirection of his behavior was most likely motivated by a need to "save face" in front of his peers. Her seemingly personal and obviously angry reaction to his misbehavior likely impacted his dignity and sense of prestige within the classroom negatively. Various family cultures support this behavior and a teacher should make all efforts to handle behavioral issues in ways that respect the personal status which students have built with their peers to the maximum extent possible.

Question 16

When preparing students to communicate academically, it is appropriate to question at the knowledge level of Bloom's taxonomy. These types of questions require that students use their memory and promote factual recall. All of the following strategies can be used for improving memory and are at the knowledge level of Bloom's taxonomy EXCEPT
A)Creating mental imagery
B)Using mnemonic devices
C)Reciting content repeatedly out loud
D)Completing a Venn Diagram

Accepted Answer

All of the following strategies can be used for improving memory and, thus, prepare them for the questions EXCEPT completing a Venn diagram. Venn diagrams require that students compare and contrast two or more objects, events or ideas. While they are excellent tools for learning, Venn diagrams require students to function at the analysis level of Bloom's taxonomy.

Question 17

All of the following are examples of teacher rights, which are informed of and protected by local, state and federal laws and guidelines, EXCEPT
A)The right to withhold certain information such as marital status, age, sexual orientation and parental status which is unrelated to employment
B)The right to employ corporal punishment when it complies with local, state and federal regulations
C)The right to due process before being suspended or terminated from their employment contract
D)The right to keep a privately owned handgun in their car with it is parked on school property

Accepted Answer

All of the following are examples of teacher rights, which are informed of and protected by local, state and federal laws and guidelines, EXCEPT the right to keep a privately owned handgun in their car while it is parked on school property. Due to recent events involving guns, drugs and alcohol, these are now banned from all school properties by local laws.

Question 18

Under such legislation as the FAPE provision of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1974, which of the following rights are protected?
A)The student's right to receive free tutoring services
B)The student's right to attend private schools at no cost to the parent
C)The guardians' right to access their child's educational records
D)The right to receive free or reduced lunches based upon financial need

Accepted Answer

The guardian's right to access their child's educational records are protected under such legislation as the FAPE provision of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1974. Under no circumstances may a legal guardian with full parental rights be denied access to their child's records. The types of records include those pertaining to their child's attendance, discipline, and academics. There is a due process provision which assists parents in obtaining copies of their child's records.

Question 19

Attending educational conferences, reading professional journals and research summaries, subscribing to educational magazines and holding congenial discussions relating to new practices with peer teachers are all ways in which teachers demonstrate the characteristics of
A)A mentor
B)A lifelong learner
C)An advocate
D)Differentiated educator

Accepted Answer

Attending educational conferences, reading professional journals and research summaries, subscribing to educational magazines and holding congenial discussions relating to new practices with peer teachers are all ways in which teachers demonstrate the characteristics of a lifelong learner. Research and collaboration are both ways in which teachers can enrich their practice. They understand that teachers have much to learn, too, as technologies and school issues change over time.

Question 20

Which of the following were mid-15th century books made of a wooden paddle, parchment containing the lesson and a cover made of a transparent sheet of horn?
A)Primers
B)Hornbooks
C)Readers
D)Paddlebooks

Accepted Answer

Hornbooks were mid-15th century books made of a wooden paddle, parchment containing the lesson and a cover made of a transparent sheet of horn. They were typically used to teach the alphabet and numbering system as well as the Lord's Prayer and literacy skills.

Quiz 40: Praxis Principals of Learning and Teaching Kindergarten Grade 6

Which psychologist suggests using an incentive system, providing individualized help that efficiently supports the learning of each student and using body language to convey behavioral messages as strategies that may decrease off-task behaviors during independent practice times?

Nitza Hidalgo, an educational theorist, tells us that there are the three levels of culture that can be identified as influential in the way students learn. What are these levels?

Early theories regarding the phases of moral development were typically male-centered. Which theorist recognized this and proposed the stages of ethical care to address the phases of moral development as they relate to women?

Carefully constructing a seating chart, establishing daily classroom routines and directly teaching the classroom rules are examples of what?

According to Piaget, which of the following characteristics is likely NOT indicative of a student that is a formal operational thinker?

Which teacher behaviors below demonstrate "with-it-ness" according to Jacob Kounin?

According to Piaget's theory of development, at what stage of cognitive development are most children in Kindergarten and the first grade functioning?

Teachers that demonstrate positive classroom management skills understand the difference between punishment and discipline. Which of the following characteristics are indicative of discipline?

The following are all non-verbal forms of communication which can be used as part of an effective classroom management system EXCEPT

All of the following are questioning techniques which teachers may use to stimulate learning among their students EXCEPT

All of the following are examples of teacher rights, which are informed of and protected by local, state and federal laws and guidelines, EXCEPT

Under such legislation as the FAPE provision of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1974, which of the following rights are protected?

Attending educational conferences, reading professional journals and research summaries, subscribing to educational magazines and holding congenial discussions relating to new practices with peer teachers are all ways in which teachers demonstrate the characteristics of

Which of the following were mid-15th century books made of a wooden paddle, parchment containing the lesson and a cover made of a transparent sheet of horn?