Question 1

According to the text,scientific research strongly supports the idea that the total collapse of industrial society is imminent.

Accepted Answer

The text does not suggest that scientific research strongly supports the idea that the total collapse of industrial society is imminent.

Question 2

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics, also called the law of conservation of energy, states that the total energy in a closed system remains constant and cannot be created or destroyed, only converted or transferred from one form to another.

Question 3

Exchanges of reciprocity produce mutually beneficial relationships in a social system.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal exchanges involve giving and receiving benefits, which in turn fosters interdependence and cooperation between individuals or groups, ultimately leading to mutually beneficial relationships in a social system.

Question 4

A rose garden consisting of only American Beauty roses is a monoculture.

Accepted Answer

A monoculture refers to an agricultural or horticultural practice of planting a single crop or plant species in a given area. In this case, a rose garden consisting of only American Beauty roses would be considered a monoculture as it only contains one type of rose.

Question 5

Neoclassical economists see human-environment problems in terms of market failures and resource allocation problems.

Accepted Answer

Neoclassical economists view human-environment problems as issues of market failures and the improper allocation of resources. This perspective emphasizes the use of market forces, technological innovation, and incentives to address environmental problems.

Question 6

In the neoclassical economists' view,the economy contains the ecosystem as resources bases and pollution sinks.

Accepted Answer

Neoclassical economists define the environment as a set of natural resources that have economic value and can be used to produce goods and services. They also view the environment as a pollution sink that absorbs the waste generated by economic activity. This perspective has been criticized by ecological economists who argue that the environment is not just a resource base or a pollution sink, but a complex system that cannot be reduced to a set of commodities.

Question 7

Catton and Dunlap have suggested that sociologists should adopt the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm.

Accepted Answer

Catton and Dunlap actually suggest the opposite: that sociologists should move away from the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm and develop a new paradigm that recognizes the interconnectedness of humans with the natural world.

Question 8

A key feature of the Dominant Western Worldview is the value it places on nature for its own sake.

Accepted Answer

The Dominant Western Worldview places a higher value on nature for its utility and economic potential rather than for its own intrinsic value.

Question 9

Dunlap and Catton suggest that ecosystems function as supply depots,living spaces,and waste repositories.

Accepted Answer

According to Dunlap and Catton, ecosystems fulfill three functions: supplying resources, providing living spaces, and serving as waste repositories.

Question 10

Emissions trading schemes have not had much impact on producers of pollution in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Emissions trading schemes, such as the sulfur dioxide (SO2) trading system implemented under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, have significantly impacted producers of pollution in the United States by providing economic incentives to reduce emissions, leading to substantial decreases in pollutants like SO2 and NOx.

Question 11

While industrialization brought about a new class structure,population growth was kept in check by frequent,large-scale outbreaks of disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While industrialization brought about a new class...

Question 12

Larger numbers of people can be sustained if they consume foods that are at lower levels on the food chain.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true because when people consume foods at lower levels on the food chain, such as plant-based foods, less energy and resources are required to produce them. This means that more people can be sustained on a given amount of land and resources. Additionally, consuming lower on the food chain is often more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Question 13

The concept of a cognized environment implies a high degree of scientific objectivity with little room for subjective impressions.

Accepted Answer

The concept of a cognized environment acknowledges the role of subjective impressions and experiences in shaping our understanding of the world, and thus emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary and multi-perspective approaches to studying complex environmental issues.

Question 14

Parasitism is not classified as a symbiotic relationship.

Accepted Answer

Parasitism is classified as a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other organism (the host). So, it is incorrect to say that parasitism is not a symbiotic relationship.

Question 15

The concepts of ecosystem and environment can be used interchangeably.

Accepted Answer

While the two concepts are related, they are not interchangeable. An ecosystem refers to the living and nonliving components of a specific area that interact with each other, while the environment encompasses all of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that influence living organisms.

Question 16

According to the New Ecological Paradigm,humans live in a finite biophysical environment that imposes potent restraints on human behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The New Ecological Paradigm asserts that human beings live in a limited physical environment that imposes barriers on their actions.

Question 17

Money became the most important material resource in the industrial society.

Accepted Answer

In the industrial society, money became the most important material resource as it was required to invest in capital and machinery, pay wages to workers, purchase resources and raw materials, and expand business operations.

Question 18

While the Dominant Western Worldview affects developed,industrialized societies,it has little impact on the less developed nations.

Accepted Answer

The Dominant Western Worldview does in fact impact less developed nations, often through colonization, globalization, and cultural diffusion. Western values and norms are often imposed on these societies, shaping their beliefs and practices. Additionally, Western economic and political systems often dominate global markets and governments, leaving little room for alternative perspectives.

Question 19

David Ricardo argued that the economic growth associated with industrialization would benefit landlords,but not workers or capitalists.

Accepted Answer

Ricardo argued that industrialization would lead to rising rents for landlords, but falling wages for workers and profits for capitalists.

Question 20

The most significant environmental changes today are anthropogenic.

Accepted Answer

Anthropogenic means caused by humans, and currently, the most significant environmental changes such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution are primarily caused by human activities.

Quiz 1: Environment, human Systems, and Social Science